Anti-diabetic Properties and Phytochemical Studies of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Murraya Koenigii and Telfairia Occidentalis on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats

Abstract

The antidiabetic properties and phytochemical studies of fractions of ethanolic leaf extract (400mg/Kgb.w) of Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) and Telfairia occidentalis (T. occidentalis) was carried out on alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. Four and three fractions were obtained from M. koenigii and T. occidentalis extract respectively using column chromatography. Phytochemical screening of each fraction, indicate the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and cardiac glycosides. The alloxan induced diabetic rats were treated with fractions of the extract, and fraction 1 and 2 of M. koenigii and T. occidentalis respectively which decreased blood glucose level significantly (p<0.05) by 72% and 78% respectively when compared within the group and showed no significant different when compared to normal control group. All treated groups showed no significant changes (p<0.05) in their body weight with the exception of groups treated with 3^rd fractions of M. koenigii and T. occidentalis. Spectroscopic studies indicated the presence of  biological active compound in the 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd fractions of M. koenigii that absorbed maximally at 200-350nm and the 4^th fraction showed absorption maximally at 270nm and 290nm; while the 1^st fraction of T. occidentalis absorbed maximally at 320nm, 2^nd fraction at 290nm and 340nm and 3^rd fraction at 320nm and 350nm.  The 1^st fraction of M. koenigii and 2^nd fraction of T. occidentalis showed high antidiabetic properties at  λ max 320nm and 340nm respectively. Our findings certainly suggest among others the use of plants as a source of  potentially useful antidiabetic therapy for diabetics.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Antidiabetic components, Telfairia occidentalis and Murraya koenigii