Review on Proteomics Technologies and Its Application for Crop Improvement

Abstract

Proteomics is the study of proteins and their interactions in a cell. Within the wide field of functional OMICS, proteomics has become a useful tool and the emphasis is shifting from genomics to the protein compliment of the human organism. Because proteome reflects more accurately on the dynamic state of a cell, tissue, or organism, much is expected from proteomics to yield better disease markers for diagnosis and therapy monitoring. Hence the present review was to review proteomics technologies and their applications for crop improvement. The advent of proteomics technologies for global detection and quantitation of proteins creates new opportunities and challenges for those seeking to gain greater understanding of diseases. High-throughput proteomics technologies combining with advanced bioinformatics are extensively used to identify molecular signatures of diseases based on protein pathways and signalling cascades. Mass spectrometry plays a vital role in proteomics and has become an indispensable tool for molecular and cellular biology. However, future developments may enable faster and more sensitive proteomics studies and Proteomics alone cannot provide all the information required for understanding cellular processes. Therefore Complementary approaches in genomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics will have to be used together with proteomics to permits a more holistic view of biological systems and their alterations in disease, so that the maximum benefit can be realized.

Keywords: Bioinformatics, mass spectrometry, proteomics, Two-dimensional electrophoresis