Effect of Biofumigation with Radish (Raphanus sativus) Leaves Fresh and Seed Meals to Control Root Knot Nematode and Fusarium wilt Disease Complex Infecting Eggplant

Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the biofumigation of crushed radish leaves and seed meals to manage the disease complex caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne spp in eggplants under greenhouse conditions. Pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum were isolated from infected eggplants on PDA and the Meloidogyne was isolated from cucumber plants. Results showed that the concentration, 10, 5, 2.5 g/pot of crushed leaves and seed meals were effective and cause significant reduction in fungal growth on PDA. The addition of radish crushed leaves into the soil at 10,5,2.5g/pot reduced the disease incidence to 5,10,15 % compared with 77.5% in control , and the disease severities to 5,10,10% compared with 75%in control.The amendment of the soil with seed meals at 10,5,2.5 g/pot has reduced the disease incidences to 15,20,35% , and the disease severities to 12.5,18.8,28.8% compared with 77.5%and 75% in control respectively . Plant heights , leaf area , fresh and dry weights were found to be34.75,32.00,28.00cm,7.40,7.325,6.750 cm , 8.075,7.075,4.400 g/plant , and 1.420,0.900,0.675 g/plant respectively in plants grown in the soil containing 10,5,2.5 g/pot crushed leaves ,26.50,24.75,21.00 cm , 8.475,6.975,6.350 cm ,8.00,5.560,4.400 g/plant, 0.950,0.750,0.622 g/plant respectively ,in plants grown in soil containing 10,5,2.5 g/pot of seed meals compared with 13.75 cm , 3.088, 1.805 g/plant and 0.235 g/plant in control respectively .

Keywords: Fusarium oxysporum, Meloidogyne spp , Biofumigation , eggplants .