The Effect of KOH Catalyst Concentration and Reaction Time on the Biodiesel Quality from Yellowfin Tuna Offal

Abstract

The aim of study is determine the effect of concentration and a longer reaction time and the best treatment on the quality of biodiesel from yellowfin tuna fish offal. Biodiesel processing using a two step of esterification and transesterification reactions are graded with KOH catalyst in the treatment of each catalyst concentration of 1.0%; 1.5% and 2.0% with a reaction time of 90 and 120 minutes. Analysis of biodiesel quality that using methods of FT-IR (ester functional group), 1H-NMR (conversion of methyl ester), GC-MS (fatty acid composition) and physical quality. Based on statistical analysis, it is known that the treatment concentration and reaction time did not significantly affect on the biodiesel quality. FFA content of oil extracts of yellowfin tuna innards of 4.415%. Treatment KOH 2% on a long reaction time of 90 minutes to produce the best biodiesel (with yield biodiesel esterification reaction yield of 89.5% and a transesterification reaction amounted to 84.71% has a compound with a functional group of  alkanes, alcohols and esters of saturated and unsaturated. The chemistri composition of fatty acid of biodiesel contains three main types of compounds, respectively: methyl palmitate (19.45%),  methyl oleate (17.37%) and methyl eicosa (7.56%.) Based on the analysis of physical properties of biodiesel, it was only pour point parameter that meets of the standard quality biodiesel (9ºC) with a flash point is 64ºC compliant 48 diesel oil. The specific density and kinematic viscosity not meet quality standards.

Keywords: KOH catalyst concentration, reaction time, esterification, transesterification, tuna offal, biodiesel