Modelling Land Surface Temperature from Satellite Data and Trigger by Land Use Land Cover Dynamics using Remote Sensing and GIS Technology, in Debra Tabor District, Ethiopia

Abstract

Rapid changes in the land use/land cover (LULC) of a region have become a major environmental concern in recent times. This has led to unsustainable development with the reduction of green spaces and also changes in local climate. Land surface temperatures(LST) is important in global climate studies, in estimating radiation budgets in heat balance studies and as a control for climate models. The main goal of this paper is to quantify and examine the changes in the Land use/land cover and consequent changes in land surface temperature. Land surface temperature is strongly influenced by the ability of the surface to emit radiation, i.e. surface emissivity. This research was undertaken to analyze the potential of multispectral satellite data to retrieve or estimating land surface temperature over Debre Tabor District, from 1999 to 2014. LANDSAT-5 TM (Landsat Thematic Mapper) and LANDSAT-7 ETM+ (Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper) satellite images data of Debre Tabor district acquired on October 23, 1999, October 23, 2006 and November 3, 2014 were selected and used to this research for LULC classification. The thermal infrared bands of the Landsat data were used to retrieve land surface temperature. Supervised classification using Maximum Like Hood Classifier (MLC) was carryout for land use land cover classification and analysis. The result showed that the land use/land cover change was an important driver for Land Surface Temperature increase. Land Surface Temperature of the study area also increased by 0.2714 ⁰c and urban land, cultivated land, bare land has increased its coverage, the reaming shrub land and forest land decreased its coverage within 15-year period interval. The result was shows that impact of land use/land cover on Land Surface Temperature is high. Overall, remote sensing and geographic information system technologies were effective approaches for monitoring and analyzing the changes in Land use land cover and consequent changes in land surface temperature.

Keywords: - LULC, LST, GIS, Remote sensing, MLC.