Journal of Environment and Earth Science
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES
<p><span id="internal-source-marker_0.04939836589619517">Journal of Environment and Earth Science <span id="internal-source-marker_0.04939836589619517">is a peer reviewed journal published by IISTE. The journal publishes original papers at the forefront of Environment and Earth Sciences. The journal is published in both printed and online versions. The online version is free access and download.</span></span></p><p><span><span>IISTE is a member of <a href="http://www.crossref.org/01company/17crossref_members.html">CrossRef</a>.</span></span></p><p>The DOI of the journal is: https://doi.org/10.7176/JEES</p><p><span><span><br /></span></span></p>The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE)en-USJournal of Environment and Earth Science2224-3216Journal coverpage
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/view/62006
Journal coverpageJournal Editor14Evaluation the Performance of Regional Climate Models in Simulating Rainfall Characteristics over Upper Awash Sub-Basin, Ethiopia
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/view/62007
<p>To obtain reliable estimates of the likely impacts of climate change on the hydrological regime in the basin determination of the most appropriate climate model was needed. This study aims to evaluate the performance dynamically downscaled simulations of General Circulation Models (GCMs) by Regional Climate Models (RCMs) over Upper Awash sub-basin. The evaluation is based on how well the RCMs simulate the characteristics of the rainfall pattern in Upper Awash sub-basin for the period of 1985 to 2005. For performance assessment the observed rainfall data was obtained from National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia. Future climate data from CORDEX Africa was dynamically downscaled and corrected for bias using delta change approach. The models were evaluated using statistical measures such as coefficient of variation (CV), root mean square error (RMSE), correlation coefficient and bias. Findings of this study indicates that the MPI-ES-LR climate model performed best in terms of correlation coefficient and CNRM-CM5 best in terms of coefficient of variations. All models were found best in capturing the observed rainfall, but no individual model is best in all performance measures. The ensemble of models is better in simulating the characteristics of rainfall rather than individual models and best in all performance measures. Therefore, in order to capture different aspects of the basin rainfall it is recommend to use ensemble of models simulations rather than individual model.</p> <p><strong>Key</strong><strong>w</strong><strong>ords:</strong> Climate change, GCM, RCM, Ensemble, Upper Awash<em></em></p> <p><strong>DOI:</strong> 10.7176/JEES/14-1-01</p> <p><strong>Publication date: </strong>January 31<sup>st</sup> 2024</p>Kiya Kefeni14Spatial and Temporal Rainfall Trend Analysis: At Assosa &Bambasi in Assosa Zone,BenishangulGumez Region, Ethiopia
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/view/62008
<p>The main aim of this study was investigated the temporal (annual, seasonal, monthly) rainfall and its spatial distribution with in Assosa and BambasiStations. In Ethiopia, rainfall is variable climate element both of them amount and distribution. The assessment used historic climatic data (Rainfall data (1989-2021) were collected from Assosa meteorological service center. Based on the 33 year period rainfall record, analysis was carried out to extract the trends of seasonal and annual rainfall. Correlation of annual rainfall between the two stations in the period of 1989-2021 is around 0.35 that mean medium.They are in the same rainfall regime; the correlation shows that they have positive correlation. The coefficient of variation and standard deviation for 1989 to 2021 ranged from 0.2 to 0.3,respectively, confirming the moderate variability of the mean monthly rainfall over the two stations. This shows that outside of the 4-months rainy period, there are highly variableBelg and Bega. In this result, the mean annual rainfall coefficient of variability Is indicated moderate to high rainfall variability and both variables tend to positive relationship.</p> <p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong>:</strong> Trends, Climate change, Rainfall Variability, Benishangul Gumez,Ethiopia</p> <p><strong>DOI:</strong> 10.7176/JEES/14-1-02</p> <p><strong>Publication date: </strong>January 31<sup>st</sup> 2024</p>Tigest Alebachew14Adaptation and Growth Performance Evaluation of Agroforestry Tree Species under Dire Dawa Administration and Harari People Regional State Condition, Eastern Ethiopia
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/view/62009
<p>Tree growth is a function of the genetic potential of the species and environmental conditions. Hence, before introducing any species to a given agro ecology there is always a need for a well conducted field trial for matching species to a particular site. A study was conducted<strong> </strong>to evaluate adaptation and growth performance of five agro forestry tree species<strong> </strong>at Dire Dawa Administration; Adada2 and Harari Region; Erer dodota for three years ( June 2016-June 2019). Five agroforestry tree species (Sesbania sesban, Moringa oliefera, Gravilea robusta, Azadarichta indica and Leuceana leucocephala) were compared in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on growth parameters, diameter, plant height and survival rate were measured and recorded at interval of three months. Results revealed that there were highly significant (p<0.05) variations among tree species in height growth, root collar diameter development, diameter at breast height and survival rate at both study areas. This could be due to environmental factor and/or genetic potential of the species, which generally govern the growth of a given species. Among the species tasted, Moringa oliefera showed the highest performance followed by Azadarichta indica, Sesbania sesban and Leuceana leucocephala in terms of height growth, root collar diameter and diameter at breast height at both Dire Dawa Administration ad Harari Region. After three years of establishment, Moringa oliefera, Azadarichta indica, Sesbania sesban and Leuceana leucocephala showed the highest mean survival rate at both study areas. Hence it can be inferred that the conditions of Dire Dawa Administration and Harari Region matched with the environmental requirement of those tree species. On the other hand, species of Gravilea robusta showed lowest performance at both study areas. Thus, the long dry season, which extended from eight to ten months in the study area, clearly explains the poor survival and growth response in some of the species. Generally, these findings may help forest and agroforestry managers to properly allocate species into the site that grow and adapt well. Further testing of provenances of the best performing species is recommended to select the most adaptable ones for such areas for future agroforestry practices at wider scale; on which success of agroforestry practices and forest plantations depend.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Agroforestry, diameter at breast height, height growth, root collar diameter</p> <p><strong>DOI:</strong> 10.7176/JEES/14-1-03</p> <p><strong>Publication date: </strong>January 31<sup>st</sup> 2024</p>Musa Abdella14Disaster Awareness and Preparedness of Senior High School and College Students: A Comparative Study
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/view/62010
<p>The country experienced different kinds of natural and artificial disasters because of its location. We could not prevent such calamities, but we could lessen the impact and save ourselves and the community by being equipped with different skills and knowledge about disaster awareness and preparedness. This study aims to determine the disaster awareness and preparedness level of senior high and college students. The respondents' demographic profile significantly affected their awareness and preparedness before, during, and after the disaster. The respondents are determined by age, gender, year level, course/strand, and social class. The researcher used a purposive sampling technique to determine the accurate result in this study. There are 190 respondents from senior high and 190 from college students, with 380 respondents being accumulated. Hence, the study's result shows that the students' disaster awareness and preparedness are affected because of their demographic profile. It also shows that the disaster awareness and preparedness level of senior high and college students at the University of Mindanao is good. Government and private schools must include different seminars, training, and subjects in the curriculum in all courses and strands.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>disaster awareness, preparedness, senior high school, college students</p> <p><strong>DOI:</strong> 10.7176/JEES/14-1-04</p> <p><strong>Publication date: </strong>January 31<sup>st</sup> 2024</p>Jilliane LacatRamon Polistico Jr.Shaina Shien SinoyMarmee Rochelle M. Potenciando14Toxicological Evaluation of Selected Seafoods and Water from Akpajo, Rivers State
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/view/62137
<p>This study evaluated the toxicological indices of heavy metals in selected seafoods and water from Ogugu River in Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State. Seafoods (<em>Tilapia guineensis (Tilapia Fish),Callinectes sapidus</em> (Blue crab) and <em>Matacostraca decapoda</em> (cray fish)), and water samples were obtained from Ogugu River. They were taken to the laboratory under aseptic conditions and were analyzed for Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As) and Mercury (Hg) contents with the aid of an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results obtained shows; Pb ranging from 0.235±0.001(in Water) to 5.172±0.012 (in <em>Matacostraca decapoda</em> (cray fish)), Cd 0.044±0.03 (in water) to 0.464±0.058 (in <em>Matacostraca decapoda</em>), Ni 0.179±0.193 (in water) to 2.212±0.065 ( in <em>Matacostraca decapoda</em> (cray fish)), while As and Hg were shown to be below detectable limits. The Health risk evaluation was done using Chronic Daily Intake (CDI), Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) and TLCR. These indices revealed that adult and children population exposed to these samples could be highly at risk as obtained values where above the probable USEPA risk free limit (10<sup>-6</sup> to 10<sup>-4 </sup>). The Pb THQ was in the order <em>Matacostraca decapoda</em> (cray fish) > <em>Tilapia guineensis</em>, (Tilapia Fish) > <em>Callinectes sapidus </em>(Blue crab) > Water, with Cd <em>Matacostraca decapoda</em> (cray fish) > <em>Callinectes sapidus </em>(Blue crab) > water > <em>Tilapia guineensis</em>, (Tilapia Fish), while Ni is in the order <em>Matacostraca decapoda</em> (cray fish) > <em>Tilapia guineensis</em>, (Tilapia Fish) > water > <em>Callinectes sapidus </em>(Blue crab). The obtained HI is in the order <em>Matacostraca decapoda</em> (cray fish) > <em>Tilapia guineensis</em>, (Tilapia Fish) > <em>Callinectes sapidus </em>(Blue crab) > Water, The TLCR values was shown in the order <em>Matacostraca decapoda</em> (cray fish) > <em>Tilapia guineensis</em>, (Tilapia Fish > <em>Callinectes sapidus </em>(Blue crab) <em>></em>Water. Results from this study hence arouses public health concerns and apt policies are needed to curtail further accumulation of these heavy metal in the samples.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Tilapia guineensis</em>, <em>Callinectes sapidus</em>, <em>Matacostraca decapoda, </em>Heavy metals, Risk Assessment, Fish Toxicity, Water Safety</p> <p><strong>DOI:</strong> 10.7176/JEES/14-1-05</p> <p><strong>Publication date: </strong>February 28<sup>th</sup> 2024</p>Nyimone, David PaulPatrick-Iwuanyanwu Kingsley CAnacletus, Francis NNwauche KelechiOlua VictorHabiganuchi, Adele.Amadi, Chigozirim Steve14Influence of Relative Humidity on Thermal Performances of a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/view/62138
<p>Solar energy is considered by many as a highly prospective alternative energy source due to its ability to meet a significant portion of the world's energy demand. The effectiveness of a solar concentrator depends on operational and atmospheric conditions. This paper presents an experimental analysis of the influence of humidity coupled with inclination angle and mass flow rate on the performance of a parabolic trough solar concentrator. The parabolic trough solar collector underwent experimental testing at the LAUTECH engineering facility in Ogbomoso. It possesses a collector length of 2.1m, an aperture width of 1.2m, an adjustable rim angle of 75<sup>o</sup>, 90<sup>o</sup>, and 105<sup>o</sup>, a focal length of 30 cm, a 10-liter storage reservoir, and variable flow rates of 0.0004 m<sup>3</sup>/s, 0.0008 m<sup>3</sup>/s, and 0.0012 m<sup>3</sup>/s. Temperatures were measured using a 12-channel temperature recorder (SD data logger), solar radiation was measured using a solar meter, relative humidity was measured using an environment meter, and water was used as the working fluid. Thermal performance analysis was conducted to ascertain the impact of relative humidity coupled with tilt angle, mass flow rate, and weather conditions on the solar concentrator's effectiveness. At higher mass flow rates and a 90° tilt angle, the system has a greater thermal efficacy with weather elements such as solar intensity and relative humidity. This concentrator assists the energy industry by reducing its dependence on electricity and pollution from fossil fuels, thereby mitigating environmental and health concerns.</p> <p><strong>Keywords </strong>Parabolic Trough Collector, Heat loss, Thermal efficiency, Humidity.</p> <p><strong>DOI:</strong> 10.7176/JEES/14-1-06</p> <p><strong>Publication date: </strong>February 28<sup>th</sup> 2024</p>Itabiyi O. E.Sangotayo E. OYussouf A.A.Olojede, M.A.Akinrinade N. A.14