Assessment of Mahogany Leaf Powder and Cabofuran on Plant parasitic Nematode Infecting Okra (Albemuschus esculentus) in Northern and Sudan savanna of Nigeria

Abstract

A field study was conducted at Maiduguri and Lassa Northern and Guinea Savanna during 2013 cropping season to evaluate the use of mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) Leaf powders in comparison to carbufuran, and the varietal effect of of okra cultivars in the Management of plant parasitic nematode on okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Split plot design was employed in which four okra cultivars ( Alau, Utonkon, Eklemson, and Lady’s finger) were in the main plot while the sub plot consisted of three treatments;  Mahogany leaf Powder, applied at 1 ton /ha, Carbufuran, 3G 2.0 kg a.i and Control).The 7 treatment were replicated three times. Initial and final soil nematode population was determined using percentage change. Ducan Mutiple Range Test was also used to compare the treatment means (DMRT 0.05). Data was analyze using ANOVA Statistic 8.The result showed that, all the tested okra cultivars were slightly resistance to nematode genera identified. Under Utonkon, soil population of Helicotylenchus was suppressed by 87.3 %, Hoplolaimus by 51.0 %, each of the cultivars suppressed soil population of Longidorus by more than 50 %.  Application of mahogany leaf powder at 1 ton/ha and carbufuran applied at 2.0 kg a.i /ha each reduces soil nematode population by more than 50 %. There was significant difference on root knot gall among cultivars in Maiduguri and Lassa, except combined data. Significant reduction in number of gall per root system among cultivars was obtained with Alau (90.33 %), and Utonkon (90.25 %) in Lassa. Highest number of gall was recorded from Eklemson in both Locations and combined data. Application of mahogany leaf powder each at 1 ton/ha, and carbufuran applied at 2.0 kg a.i / ha, significantly  suppressed galling of okra roots in both locations and the combined data as compared with the control. Highest (92.58) reduction in number of galls per root system was obtained with Carbufuran in Lassa. Utonkon had the tallest plant height of (70.98) cm in Lassa followed by Eklemsom (60.70cm) in Maiduguri. Lady’s finger had the tallest plant height of (71.95) cm in the combined analysis. Shortest plants were recorded from Alau (55.32cm) in Maiduguri and Eklemson (60.57cm) in Lassa. Lady’s finger recorded the highest shoot weight in both locations while Eklemson recorded the lowest shoot weight in both locations. Alau had the highest root length (15.59cm) at Lassa. The result further showed that mahogany leaf powder each applied at 1ton / ha and carbufuran applied at 2.0 kg a.i / ha significantly increased okra root length ranging from 14.07 cm to 16.14 cm in comparison to non- amended (control) plot in Maiduguri. Alau produces the highest yield (11.45 t/ha). Lowest yield was obtained from Utonkon (9.02 t/ha). At Lassa, highest yield was obtained in Lady’s finger. Amended plot with  mahogany leaf powder each at 1ton / ha or  Carbofuran applied at 2.0 kg a.i / ha, significantly produced higher fruit yield than the non-amended plot control plot in Maiduguri, Lassa and combined data. It is evident from the studies that use of plant leaf powder (Mahogany) could be recommended for farmers.

Keywords: Mahogany, okra, cabofuran and nematodes