https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/ALST/issue/feedAdvances in Life Science and Technology2024-03-14T05:43:06+00:00Alexander Deckeradmin@iiste.orgOpen Journal Systems<p><span id="internal-source-marker_0.04939836589619517">Advances in Life Science and Technology <span id="internal-source-marker_0.04939836589619517">is a peer reviewed journal published by IISTE. The journal publishes original papers at the forefront of life and biology research. The journal is published in both printed and online versions. The online version is free access and download.</span></span></p><p>IISTE is a member of <a href="http://www.crossref.org/01company/17crossref_members.html">CrossRef</a>.</p><p>The DOI of the journal is: https://doi.org/10.7176/ALST</p>https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/ALST/article/view/61941Journal coverpage2024-02-16T01:43:39+00:00Journal Editord@d.comJournal coverpagehttps://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/ALST/article/view/61942Genetic Divergence Study in Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] Genotypes for Yield and Yield-Related Traits at Mechara, Eastern Ethiopia2024-02-16T01:43:39+00:00Ababa Chimdid@d.com<p>Information about genetic divergence is one of the requirements for a successful breeding program when selecting genotypes with desirable traits. The objectives of this study were to assess the degree of genetic divergence among finger millet genotypes and identify traits that were essential for genotype selection. The experiment was carried out using 64 genotypes in an 8 x 8 simple lattice design based on 17 quantitative traits during 2021 cropping season. The 64 finger millet genotypes were divided into nine clusters using Euclidean distance analysis. The largest inter-cluster distance (8.9) was observed between clusters III and IX, and the smallest inter-cluster distance (3.28) was observed between clusters II and V. The first six principal components explained 76.3% of the total variation. The grain yield, ear width, and ear length have a significant impact on the first component. Component two is greatly influenced by the days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, number of ears, and harvest index. Thus, the study shows that there is genetic divergence among the genotypes, and it is predicted that crosses between genotypes at the highest inter-cluster distance will produce offspring with superior genetic segregation and recombination at traits of important.</p> <p><strong>Kewords:</strong>Cluster analysis,<strong> </strong>genetic distances, principal component analysis</p> <p><strong>DOI: </strong>10.7176/ALST/100-01</p> <p><strong>Publication date: </strong>January 31<sup>st</sup> 2024</p>https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/ALST/article/view/61943Constraints and Opportunity of Teff Production in the Case of Assosa Woreda, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia2024-02-16T01:43:39+00:00Alemayehu Keba Beyened@d.com<p>Teff is the crucial cereal for home consumption and playing a significant role in the local economy as a means of earning livelihoods for millions of farmers, creating jobs and generating foreign currency in Ethiopia. Assosa woreda’s which is found in Assosa zone of Benishangul gumuz regional state western part of Ethiopia is potential in cereal production; maize, teff and sorghum are the cereals in the woreda’s. However, currently, farmers are not benefited and production and productivity of the cereals are being decreasing from time to time because of some constraints of them. Therefore, this study was attempted to assess the production constraints and opportunities of teff in the woreda’s. Random sampling method and quantitative and qualitative data type has been employed for data collection. Accordingly, data was collected from 194 randomly selected teff producing households in the woreda’s four kebeles (Amba 1, Amba 10, Ura, Selga 24 and Afasizm). Focus Group Discussion and Key Informant Interview were made to organize qualitative data type. The result showed that disease, insect pests, lodging, distance to farmer cooperative, distance to extension service, distance to local market and weed were the core production and productivity constraints of teff in Assosa woreda’s. Therefore, the policy makers should have to encouraging the researcher to release generation of disease and insect tolerant varieties of teff, strengthening extension services and also enhance knowledge and skills of smallholder farmers’ developmental endeavors should work and participate on the support research and development should be focused to improve the livelihood and economy of the farmers.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Assosa, Cereal, Production; Teff, Ethiopia</p> <p><strong>DOI: </strong>10.7176/ALST/100-02</p> <p><strong>Publication date: </strong>January 31<sup>st</sup> 2024</p>https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/ALST/article/view/61944Genotype x Environment Interaction and Yield Stability Analysis of Early Maturing Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor] Genotypes in East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia2024-02-16T01:43:39+00:00Fikadu Tadessed@d.com<p>Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the second most important cereal food crop in Ethiopia after maize. However, a number of biotic and a biotic factor are limiting grain yield increase. The present study was done with the objectives of estimating genotype by environment interaction and determining the stable and high yielder early maturing sorghum genotypes suitable for low moisture stress areas of Eastern Hararghe and similar agro-ecologies. A total of six (6) sorghum genotypes including one standard check (Dekeba) were evaluated for three years and two environments during the 2016/17, 2017/18, and 2019/20 main cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out in a Randomly Completed Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and on a plot size of 5 m x 5 m. The combined analysis of variance across environments revealed very highly significant differences among environments, genotypes, and non-significant for G × E interactions of grain yield suggesting no further analysis of the G × E interaction. Analysis of variance revealed that considerable variation for all traits except days to physiological maturity was observed among the genotypes across environment and years. The highest grain yield was recorded from the genotypes of IESV92168-DL (39.15 Qt/ha), 2005MI5064 (37.64 Qt/ha), and 2005MI5081 (37.29 Qt/ha) respectively. These genotypes are also high-yielders and more stable across the environment and thus recommended for verification at on station and on the farmer’s field for possible release.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>AMMI, Genotype, Sorghum, Stability</p> <p><strong>DOI: </strong>10.7176/ALST/100-03</p> <p><strong>Publication date: </strong>January 31<sup>st</sup> 2024</p>https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/ALST/article/view/61945Causes, Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Human Large Mammal Conflict in Estie Densa Forest Reserve, Estie District, Northern Ethiopia2024-02-16T01:43:39+00:00SETIE EWNETUd@d.com<p>Human-wildlife conflict is a significant threat to the continued survival of many species and the livelihood of humans. This study aims to assess the conflict between humans and mammals in Estie Densa Forest Reserve, located in Estie Woreda. Currently, the forest reserve faces many problems like crop damage, disease transmission, livestock depredation, and even loss of human life. So, the study generates general information about human mammals conflict and provides baseline information for other researchers. Selection of 95 respondents from local communities through purposive sampling. The Chi-Square Test was employed to determine the significance of differences across the three Villages, and the results were presented in the form of tables and percentages. Crop raiding and livestock depredation have been proven the primary drivers of human-mammal conflict and are statistically significant among the Villages (P≤0.05). Anibus Baboon, Wild Pig, and Common Jackal were the major drivers of the conflict, and had statistical difference among Villages (P≤0.05). Property Loss, and Wildlife Loss covered more than 91% of the total impact perceived as a result of human mammals conflict, and statistically significant (P≤0.05). Livestock guarding (using dogs and shepherds; 50.52%) was the most efficient approach for alleviating livestock depredation and disease transmission from wildlife to livestock and vice versa. While fencing and crop guarding (35.79%) were second in terms of mitigation, but ranked first in terms of reducing agricultural damage caused by wildlife. There should be better awareness of the value and significance of wild animals, the ecology, tourism, and overall conservation of wild mammals.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Conflict, Estie- Densa, Human, Large Mammal, Mitigation.</p> <p><strong>DOI: </strong>10.7176/ALST/100-04</p> <p><strong>Publication date: </strong>January 31<sup>st</sup> 2024</p>https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/ALST/article/view/62129Study the Wide Variety of Prospective Bacterial Pathogens in Infections of Burns and Wound Patients in Baghdad City.2024-03-14T05:43:06+00:00Ashwak Jasim Kzard@d.comMohamed M. Sehreed@d.com<p>The purpose of the study is to analyze the range of potential pathogenic bacteria that could infect skin-related burns and wounds in the governorate of Baghdad. In total, fifty wound swabs and burn samples were gathered for this study, examined under a microscope, and cultured on Blood, MacConkey, and Chocolate Agar media. Additionally, the isolates' antibiotic sensitivity was assessed using the disc diffusion test, the Vitek method, and biochemical testing. Fifty samples of burns and wounds were collected from hospitalized patients and were divided into two groups (twenty-eight men and twenty-two women) of all ages who were examined in the dermatology department at Al-Imam Al-Kazemi Medical City. The most microorganisms were Staphylococcus sp prevalent bacterial specie identified; Pseudomonas aeruginosa has also been isolated in a little number. The most isolated bacteria were resistance to the most selected antibiotics. Shigella sonnei and Klebsiella species were the most resistance strains, While Staphylococcus aureus and Staphyococcus epidermidis were susceptible to some antibioticsTracycline and fusidic acid had the highest resistance rate among the isolated bacterial species, followed by oxacillin, β-lactamase, and gentamicin. Finally we conclude from the current study that most styles of bacteria compelling which burns and wound infections are Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and most of them are multi-resistant to commonly used antimicrobial agents. This research furnishes the road for additional studies into in-depth metagenomics analysis and interactions between hosts and pathogens.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong><strong> </strong>Skin infection, Vitek 2 system, AL-Kadhimaien Hospital, antibiotic</p> <p><strong>DOI: </strong>10.7176/ALST/100-05</p> <p><strong>Publication date: </strong>February 28<sup>th</sup> 2024<strong></strong></p>