Study on Significant Factors that Affect the Construction Project Performance: A Review Paper

Construction industry has complexity in its nature because it contains a large number of parties such as clients, contractors, consultants, stakeholders, shareholders, regulators and others. It makes significant contributions to the socio-economic development process of a country. But due to some factors the construction project progress affected in different countries. Therefore this study focused on the identification and ranking of the different factors that affect the construction of project progress in different areas.

consultant, Check for resources and capabilities, before awarding the contract to the lowest bidder).
Melba  investigated on the major factors affecting the performance of the construction projects in Chennai, Kerala and Bangalore industries. The percentage response showed that about 53% of respondents were from the consultants firm, 34% from the owner firms and 13% from the contractor firm. With reference to the response obtained 87% were from firms dealing with building projects, and job title of the response chart showed that 63% were project managers, 23% from the site engineers, and 7% from the organization managers. Relative importance index was used to determine the relative significance and ranking of the causes. The main factors considered were Cost, Time, Quality, Productivity, Client satisfaction, Community Satisfaction, Environment Factors, Health and Safety, Innovation and learning Factors. From the Cost factors: Increase in material cost have been ranked one in the category of cost with RII 0.933. From the time factors delay occurring due to material shortage stay as most important factor in time factor and it has an RII of 0.720. From the Quality factor: Need for a proper quality system in the organization have most importance in quality category and has an RII of 0.740. On behalf of Productivity side: Sequencing of work according to schedule leads in productivity the top identified factor with RII of 0.753.On behalf of Client satisfaction: Leadership skills of the concerned person's ranks first in this group with an RII of 0.680. On behalf of Community Satisfaction: Quality of regular documents has very high importance and it ranks top with RII of 0.707. Environment Factor: Wastes in and around the site the top identified factors that affects the performance of the projects with RII value of 0.660. And climatic factors with no doubt stand right. Application of health and safety factors in industry has been ranked as of high importance in health and safety factors with an RII of 0.700 and Coordination among different work groups stands first in innovation and learning factors with the RII of 0.773. As a result, the author's recommended that Consultants should focus more on design cost by using multi criteria analysis and most economical criteria should be adopted so as to improve their performance and also to increase owner's satisfaction. Contractors should be aware of the business environment risks in their cost estimation, there should be Enough contingency allowances to guard against the increasing material prices and the contractors should see that minimum amount of waste should be produced. And additionally quality trainings and meetings should be done in order to improve cost time and quality performance.
Kenny Wong and Vanissorn Vimonsatit (2012) identified the major factors that affect timely performance of construction industry in Western Australia. The study used questionnaire survey and identified ten important factors. Such as Shortage of skills, Financial difficulties, Shortage of labour, Unrealistic deadlines for project completion, Unforeseen ground conditions, Poor organization of the contractor or consultant, Poor communication, Underestimation of time of completion, low speed of decision and Design errors made by designers to identify the factors on behalf of contractors, clients and consultants side. The relative importance index (RII) ranking method had been applied to determine the ranks of the different delay causes. According to the data analyzed, Skill shortages was noted as the most critical delay factors affecting construction industry in Western Australia ranked by all respondents with RII value of 0.8375, Financial difficulties ranked second in the overall results, with a relatively high RII value of 0.8313 compared to the other delay factors and Shortage of labour ranked second in the overall results, with a relatively high RII value of 0.8313 compared to the other delay factors. Alshami (2018) studied about the success factors for construction projects. The author categorized the success factor in general and specific to the project sizes. Project team motivation and commitment is the most important factor when success in general considered Project manager's experience and leadership is the second important factor and followed by communication among all project participants, project manager commitment to project goals, and having good control over time, cost, and quality. On the other hand, when sizes were considered, the most important factors were top management support, the project manager's experience and leadership, and the project manager's commitment to project goals. It should be noted that the last two factors are among the most important factors for construction project whether the size was considered or not, which emphasizes its importance. Concerning the correlation between success factors, the result showed that the strength of the linear relation between the success factors ranges from weak to medium. This correlation could be used to couple two factors or more while considering choosing success factors for a project. Lastly the author concluded that the size of the project has a minor effect on the related success factors, which means that the same factors have almost the same importance in different project sizes. Some factors such as appropriate organizational structure have a crucial importance in large projects, whereas, it has less importance in medium and small size projects. Therefore, having a set of factors that are important regardless of the project size, and another set of factors that have different importance in different project sizes is the best way to interpret the relation between success factors and project size. Alqahtani et.al (2015) studied about factors effecting performance of projects and developed conceptual frame work to show different aspects and factors that affect the project out come and performance. The conceptual frame work developed by considering what influences project performance and outcome. The model showed that project's outcomes are influenced by three aspects, namely project manager, organizational culture, and project management culture. Generally the authors concluded that the project manager, project management culture, and Civil and Environmental Research www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-5790 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0514 (Online) Vol.12, No.7, 2020 15 organizational culture affect project performance and output (time, cost, quality and others). Serdar Durdyev, Hai Theng Eng, Kam Yuen Cheng (2018) studied about critical success factors the contractors performance Cambodian construction industry. The findings showed that that the complexity, size and planning of a project influences contractor's performance, which is perhaps due to the requirement of highly skilled workforce including design experts and experienced construction managers. Due to the labor-intensive nature of the construction projects, the culturally influenced attitudes affect overall performance of a contractor. The findings reveal that the construction client's influence is also significant. Client is considered to be a significant stakeholder, particularly in the decision making process, which consequently affects contractor's performance and ability to make timely decisions on a project's progress. Additionally, being experienced in specific type of construction projects is perceived to be critical for contractor's success for an ongoing or future projects. As a result the authors recommended that contractors have invest their available resources and efforts into the improvement of skills of workforce at various levels. Further, construction clients should proactively act in the project planning to provide positive input to contractors.
Rateb J. et.al 2014 studied the factors affecting the performance of contractor in public construction projects. The study used open conversion system to identify the affecting factors. The ranking of the contractor performance factors was determined by taking the average scores of the reported data for all respondents. As a result, Most correspondents agreed that financial difficulties faced by the contractor, manpower shortages (of skilled, semiskilled, or unskilled labor), and excessive owner change orders are the leading factors directly affecting contractor performance on construction projects and Changes in government regulations and laws, contractor violations of safety rules, and modifications to materials specifications ranked among the least important factors.
Aziz (2013) identified ninety nine delay factors for late completion of construction projects after Egyptian revolution. For analysis the factors were categorized into nine (9) major categories and ranked using Relative importance index method. (1) Consultant related delay factors (Delay in approving major changes in scope of work by consultant, RII=77.304, the most top ranked factor); (2) Contractor related delay factors (Ineffective project planning and scheduling RII=83.912, the most top ranked factors); (3) Design related delay factors(Design changes by owner or his agent during construction, RII=76.769, the ranked factor); (4) Equipment related delay factors (Shortage of equipment, RII=84.256 , the top ranked factor); (5) External related delay factors(RII= Different tactics patterns for bribes, RII=85.688, the top ranked factor); (6) Labor related delay factors (Unqualified/inadequate experienced labor, RII=77.48which is the top ranked factor); (7) Material related delay factors(Shortage of construction materials RII=76.432, top ranked factor); (8) Owner related delay factors(Delay in progress payments (Funding problems), RII=85.880 which is the top ranked factors); and (9) Project related delay factors (Complexity of project (project type, project scale, etc.) RII=78.368, which is the top ranked factors).
Adnan Enshassi, Sherif Mohamed, Saleh Abushaban (2009) investigated that factors affecting the performance of construction projects in the Gaza Strip. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed to 3 key groups of project participants; namely owners, consultants and contractors. The survey findings indicate that all 3 groups agree that the most important factors affecting project performance are: delays because of borders/roads closure leading to materials shortage; unavailability of resources; low level of project leadership skills; escalation of material prices; unavailability of highly experienced and qualified personnel; and poor quality of available equipment and raw materials. Based on these findings, the paper recommends that: 1) project owners must work collaboratively with contractors and facilitate regular payments in order to overcome delays, disputes and claims; 2) project participants should actively have their input in the process of decision-making; and 3) continuous coordination and relationship between project participants are required through the project life cycle in order to solve problems and develop project performance.
Enshassi, Mohamed, & Abushaban (2009) investigated on the factors affecting the construction projects in the Gaza Strip. The study adopted a questionnaire survey to identify the major factors that affect the construction project and used RII for ranking of factors in all group of project participants. The survey findings indicated that all 3 groups agree that the most important factors affecting project performance were: delays because of borders/roads closure leading to materials shortage; unavailability of resources; low level of project leadership skills; escalation of material prices; unavailability of highly experienced and qualified personnel; and poor quality of available equipment and raw materials. According to owners, consultants, and contractors, it seems that the average delay because of closures leading to materials shortage was the most important performance factor as it has the first rank among all factors with relative index (RII) = 0.941 for owners, 0.896 for consultants, and 0.943 for contractors. The quality group has been ranked by the owners' respondents in the second position with RII equal to 0.792. It has been ranked by the consultants' respondents in the first position with RII equal to 0.787 and has been ranked by the contractors' respondents in the third position with RII equal to 0.794. This group is the most important one for consultants because consultants are interested in clients and technical factors. Consultants observed that quality of equipment and raw materials in project and availability of personnel with high qualifications strongly affect the quality performance of a project. The people group has been ranked by the owners' respondents in the third position with RII equal to 0.759. It has been ranked by the consultants' respondents in the 7th position with RII equal to 0.712 Civil and Environmental Research www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-5790 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0514 (Online) Vol.12, No.7, 2020 and has been ranked by the contractors' respondents in the first position with RII equal to 0.812. As a result the study concluded that: 1) project owners must work collaboratively with contractors and facilitate regular payments in order to overcome delays, disputes and claims; 2) project participants should actively have their input in the process of decision-making; and 3) continuous coordination and relationship between project participants are required through the project life cycle in order to solve problems and develop project performance. Nyangwara & Datche (2015) studied about the Factors Affecting the Performance of Construction Projects in the Coastal Region of Kenya. The study adopted a cross sectional survey design questionnaire survey, interviewing, case studies & modeling and identified fourthy factors on behalf contractor, consultant and client side. The study used Statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) version 21.0 for data entry and analysis, Pearson' correlation coefficient to establish the relationship between project performance in relation to project related factors, external environment, project related procedures and project management related actions and Multiple regression analysis to determine variance in the dependent variable. The authors categorized the factors into the following terms. Such as cost, time, quality, productivity, client satisfaction, regular &community, people and environmental factors. Lastly the study ranked the 10 most important factors using RII value. Such as Average delay in claim approval and payment approval owner to contractor (RII=0.942), Availability of resources as Oke, Aigbavboa, & Aigbavboa (2017) assessed the factors that affect the quality of the project performance. The study adopted standardized questionnaires to identify the most important factors and Mean item score (MIS) to calculate the total weighted responses and further used to rank the order of importance of highlighted variables in conjunction with Standard Deviation. The study discovered that major factors affecting performance quality of construction projects in the study area were related to the use of unskilled and incompetent trade contractors, poor on-site supervision and lack of commitment by supervising team shouldered with the responsibilities of ensuring compliance to approved standard, poor planning and scheduling as well as inadequate knowledge, training and skills of construction workmen. The study identified and ranked both factors influencing project performance and performance quality improvements factors using MIS and SD methods.  Vol.12, No.7, 2020 topmost factors opted by the engineers are provision on proper designation based on education (4), Recourse documentation (4) and planned resources obtained at the time of project could influence the scheduling of the project. Consequently the 53 critical factors were created as seven groups such as Socio Project Contribution, Environmental and Safety, Supportive Role of Owner and Management, Technical Competence of the Project, Management Efficiency, Financial Management Capability and Resource Management based on the questions on factors influencing the construction project scheduling in survey. Helen et.al (2015) identified the major factors influencing the performance of construction Projects in Akure, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire survey approach was used to study the impact of various attributes and factors affecting construction projects performance in Akure, and the attitude of project clients, consultants and contractors in the Nigerian construction industry and used Average index method to identify the most important factors that affect the construction project in the study area. As a result the study identified ten important factors that affect the construction project such as  (2016) identified the coordination factors affecting building projects performance. Coordination process is proposed as an efficient solution for the weak performance of construction projects. Study aimed to identify and prioritize coordination factors that influence the performance of building projects in Malaysian context. The study find out 53 coordination factors and used Relative Importance Index-II to rank the coordination factors and Cronbach's coefficient alpha to examine the internal consistency. The internal consistency scales ranges 0.87-0.88 which is greater than 0.7 and okey. The study lastly merged the coordination factors to five groups such as Planning and Scheduling, Resource management, Records and documentation, Contract Implementation, Quality and value engineering. According to the RII Value the top most effective coordination factors as follows. Scheduling (RII = 0.97), Quality assurance plan (RII= 0.93), and all parties' participation in plans (RII =0.89). Babu (2015) investigated the success factors for performance of construction projects in India. A structured questionnaire survey approach were considered to study the impact of various attributes and factors affecting success. The relative importance index method (RII) was used here to determine owners, consultants and contractors perceptions. The study identified 63 factors affecting the success of construction projects are selected. The top significant factors affecting the success of construction projects according to the perception of owner, consultant, and contractor were: Average delay because of closures leading to materials shortage, Unavailability of resources, and Leadership skills for project manager. According to owners, consultants, and contractors, it seems that the average delay because of closures leading to materials shortage was the most important success factor as it has the first rank among all factors with relative index (RII) = 0.941 for owners, 0.896 for consultants, and 0.943 for contractors. The authors recommended to develop human resources in the construction industry through proper and continuous training programs about construction projects performance.

CONCLUSIONS
From the review on literatures on identifying the major factors that affect the construction project performance, the following conclusions are drawn: Most of the factors were  Categorized under contractor related, consultant related and client related factors  Categorized under project management related  Categorized under time related, cost related, material related, knowledge of project management related and the likes