Studying Effect of Eu Doping on the Structural Properties and Infrared Spectroscopy of Aluminum Oxide powders by Solid State Reaction Method

Eu doped Aluminum oxide transparent conducting powder were preparedbysolid state reactionmethod. Structural properties of the samples were investigated as a function of various Eu-dopinglevels (x=0.00-0.00120.0016-0.002-0.003). The results of x-ray diffraction haveshown that the samples are polycrystalline structure in tetragonal phase with preferential orientationsalong the (400) for all samples The relative intensities, distance between crystalline planes (d),crystallite size (D) and lattice parameters (a), (c) were determined. Infrared Spectroscopyhave been studied by Infrared Spectrometer Device.


Introduction
Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are semiconductors that are produced from a combination of metal andoxygen such as: ZnO, In2O3, SnO2. The studying of TCOs is very important because of their specialproperties that is used in technology applications [1].
Aluminum oxide ( ) is considered as one of the most important member of the TCOs for its uniqueelectrical and optical properties because it has low electrical resistivity, high optical transparency in visibleregion, high optical reflectance in infrared region and chemical inertness. So, is used in solar cells, sensorgas, display devices and in other important applications [2].
is an p-type semiconductor with wide band gap energy (Eg = 3.5-4 eV) [3]. has tetragonalstructure belonging to the P42/mnm space group. The lattice parameters are a = b = 2.184 and c = 3.184 A [4].Its unit cell contains two Aluminum and three oxygen atoms as is shown in figure 1. The Aluminum atom is at the center of sixoxygen atoms placed at the corners of a regular octahedron. Every oxygen atom is surrounded by four Aluminum atomsat the corners of an equilateral triangle [5,6]. Large circles indicate oxygen atoms and the small circlesindicate tin atoms.
The grinding of the mixtures was carried out for 3 hours for all the powder samples.The groundpowder samples werefiring at 700°C for 3 hours.
The XRD reveals that all samples are having polycrystalline nature with tetragonal structureand peaks correspond to (105), (305) , (400), (440) , (4.0.12) , (113) , (314) , (116) , planes. The preferred orientation is (400) forall samples.We noticed disappearance of these orientations (501)   2d.sinθ = nλ (1) Where d is distance between crystalline planes (A), θ is the Braggangle, λis the wavelength of X-rays (λ=1.54056 A). The crystallite size is calculated from Scherrer's equation [7]: (2) Where, D is the crystallite size, λ is the wavelength of X-ray, ẞ is full width at half maximum (FWHM) intensityin radians and θ is Braggs's angle. The lattice constants a and c for tetragonal phase structure are determined by the relation [8]: (3) Where d and (hkl) are distance between crystalline planes and Miller indices, respectively. The calculated lattice constants a, c values are given in table 1,2,3. It was seen that a, c and c/a match well withJCPDS data( a=b= 2.184 A and c= 3.184 A). The change in peak intensities is basically due to the replacement of AL 3+ ions with Au 2+ ions in the lattice of the . This process leads to the movement of AL 3+ ions in interstitial sites.

Conclusion
This paper presents a study of structural properties of Au doped powdersprepared by solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm that the samples have polycrystallinenature with tetragonal structure and show presence (105)