AGRICULTURE INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM AND FOOD SECURITY: STRATEGY OF ADOPTION OFAGRICULTURE MECHANIZATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES THROUGH “BELT AND ROAD” INITIATIVE CHINA

In this article, we study the influence of Agriculture Innovation ecosystem on food security through the contribution of Belt and Road Initiative. We identify strategy which foster agriculture mechanization adoption in developing countries. The innovation ecosystem is the large and diverse range of resources and participants that are necessary and contribute to continuous innovation in an economy. These include investors, entrepreneurs, technical and business development service providers, and researchers amongst others. We engage with agriculture Innovation Ecosystems thinking to consider the ways in which it might enhance efforts to create multi-actor, cross-sectoral innovation that are capable of supporting transitions to sustainable agricultural systems across multiple scale, hence achieving food security (Pigford, Hickey, & Klerkx, 2018). According to the world health organization (WHO) in the state of food security and nutrition in the world 2018, new evidence this year corroborates the rise in world hunger observed in this report last year, sending a warning that more action is needed if we aspire to end world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. Through the “belt and road” initiative by the Chinese government, many international students got the opportunity to study in China, and act as a bridge between their respective countries and China (Yu, Qian, & Liu, 2019). In addition, as home country of great number of manufacturing companies, China promote agriculture mechanization and provide agricultural machinery to belt and road countries (de Soyres, Mulabdic, Murray, Rocha, & Ruta, 2019). These strategies have an impact in achieving food security worldwide (Zhang, Zhang, Tian, Liu, & Zhang, 2018). We speak of food security "when all people, at all times, have economic, social and physical access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that satisfies their nutritional needs and dietary preferences to enable them to live active and healthy lives" stated by Food and Agriculture organization. For this research, we attempted to show how “belt and road” initiative contribute to food security.


Introduction
Now more than ever the question of food security is one that must be addressed. The agriculture value chain system worldwide encounters many challenges, ranges from access to land and it utilization, post-harvest lost and food waste, use of chemicals and access to machineries. Recent researches underlying agriculture ecosystem identify agricultural innovation as a system which is about people, the knowledge, technology, infrastructure and cultures they have created or learned, who they work with, and what new ideas they are experimenting with. The approach represents a major change in the way that the production of knowledge is viewed, and thus supported. To sustainably meet the increasing demand for food (FAO, 2014(FAO, , 2016) and achieve food security, agricultural systems will need to transition away from the many common and traditional practices and adopt better management systems (Pigford et al., 2018). To achieve food security, agricultural production should double, significantly surpassing population growth. However, with around 821 million in 2017, compared to around 804 million people hungry in 2016 (UN, 2017) in the world, global food security remains a big challenge. China as a rising economy put in place the «belt and road » initiative in an effort to strengthen international relations and play an active role in solving global issues including hunger which is of the seventeen (17) United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals. This strategy includes promotion of agriculture mechanization and engaging with international talents among other plans. Few decades ago developing region, have seen labor-saving technologies adopted at unprecedented levels. Intensification of production systems created power bottlenecks around the land preparation, harvesting and threshing operations.
Alleviating the power bottlenecks with the adoption of mechanical technologies helped enhance agricultural productivity and lowered the unit cost of crop production even in the densely populated countries of Asia, with china as a leading country.

China "belt and road" initiative
Currently, since the "belt and road" of the People republic of china is ongoing, is it challenging to find empirical theory that can systematically show the effect of globalization and food security. Therefore, we rely on current implementation road map of "belt and road", governments' policies, previous research and books in the area of globalization and food security and make a qualitative analysis to deduce the relation between them.  In 2018 the initiative has attracted the largest number of foreign dignitaries to Beijing since the Olympic Games in 2008. The BRI is much more than a series of oneoff infrastructure projects. It is a well elaborated project seeking to establish connectivity between Asia, Europe and Africa and in that way to increase trade, development and prosperity. It has five key goals; shown in the diagram below.   Multiple actors in co-operation and competition; Innovation communities (also known as platforms, hubs and clusters); Co-evolution

Agriculture mechanization and food security foster by the People Republic of China
Mechanized agriculture is the process of using agricultural machinery to mechanize the work of agriculture, greatly increasing farm worker productivity. The disparity is huge between those countries, and we can observe that the productivity of the countries with more machineries are much higher than others and contributes to achieving food security. African countries' governments are encouraging these countries to increase agricultural machinery imports, it is a question whether it also presents potential challenges for these countries to be able to establish a private sector-led sustainable supply chain for agricultural mechanization (X. Diao, Cossar, Houssou, & Kolavalli, 2014).

Research methodology
Based on the theoretical framework of governments' policies, existing accredited agencies research and scholars work, we conducted this study. In order to gather this data, the main method of research employed was a comprehensive literature review. The study proposes statement is to how innovation ecosystem contribute to food security through belt and road initiative of the people republic of China. Also understand the different strategies used in executing this initiative and analyze their effectiveness. According to the results, the work conducts discussions, mainly including how the following aspect in agriculture mechanization through "belt and road" initiative and agriculture innovation ecosystem lead to the achievement of food security.

Purpose of the study
This research is to analyze and deduce the impact of the "belt and road" initiative on the cause of global food security foster by agriculture mechanization. This study will be guided by three main objectives:  To understand the "belt and road" initiative of the People republic of China.
 Observe the impact of agriculture innovation ecosystem and food security, identify the advantages and disadvantages if any.
 To analyze the linkages agriculture mechanization and food security in Belt and Road countries as well as the scale and agricultural practices and implications on food security in this part of the world. involves reaching out to countries in Africa, Europe, America and other parts of Asia. Some of the majors projects implemented so far are:

Discussions
Agriculture Innovation ecosystem appears to play an important role in achieving food security, as it enables a system where different actors develop their full potential and contribute to the increase of agriculture commodities. In other words, perceiving food security as a policy framework is an example of what James Ferguson (1994) calls "an antipolitical device". Transforming the symptom of poverty, it puts an end to politics. Instead, hunger and poverty by extension must be integrated into the specific economic systems of production, according to the modes of representation and powers in place (George, 1984). In 1996, the World Food Summit made a statement in Rome. Commitment Four states "we will strive to ensure that food and agricultural policies and trade as a whole promote food security for all through a fair and market-oriented global trading system" (ibid.). FAO, 1996). With a dynamic demographics, China's economic growth over the past three decades has been tremendous, making the country largely food self-sufficient. They set the example to use their own equipment to mechanized agriculture and through the belt symptom of poverty, it puts an end to politics. Instead, hunger and poverty by extension must be integrated into the specific economic systems of production, according to the modes of representation and powers in place (George, 1984).
In 1996, the World Food Summit made a statement in Rome. Commitment Four states "we will strive to ensure that food and agricultural policies and trade as a whole promote food security for all through a fair and market-oriented global trading system" (ibid.). FAO, 1996). With a dynamic demographics, China's economic growth over the past three decades has been tremendous, making the country largely food self-sufficient. They set the example to use their own equipment to mechanized agriculture and through the belt and road initiative promotes those practices overseas.

Conclusion
In sum, following the above, innovation ecosystem is a key factor in achieving food security worldwide and the "belt and road" initiation (BRI) enhance this impact. Many cooperation agreements between China and many countries have been signed since the launch of the initiative. The benefits of this cooperation are so far numerous. Innovation Ecosystems thinking may offer a useful umbrella concept that is appropriate for the wider multi functionality of agricultural systems, with the potential to better support economic development worldwide and achieve food security. Through our brief comparison it has become clear that, China "belt and road initiative" is key to Agriculture Innovation Ecosystems through is contribution on mechanization of agriculture worldwide. Agriculture Innovation Ecosystems thinking appears to complement and build on the established foundations achieving food security and to enhance the conceptualization of more sustainable agricultural systems. However, it is still important to be conscious of inflation treats and political instability.
Also there is need to for Chinese companies to design agriculture machineries that are more suitable for small size farms. In addition, the mechanization of agriculture is clearly of great significance food security because enable the drastic increase in productivity and eliminate food value along the agriculture value chain. But, manufacturing companies must ensure that the equipment are environmental friendly and are not harmful to human health in the long run.