Review Effect of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Cabbage and Its Economic Importance’s

Cabbage belongs to the family cruciferae. Among the other vegetable cabbage is one of the easiest crops to establish and most of the people grow this crop in their home garden. In the major vegetable-growing areas, it is also an essential economical and rotational crop. Cabbage is an important vegetable crop and it is one of favorite crop grown in kitchen garden because easy to rise. Cabbage is high in vitamins A, C, K, B 1 , B 2 , B 6 , calcium, dietary fiber, and protein whether eaten fresh in salads or boiled or cooked in stews and soups. Cabbage is commonly consumed as a cooked or stir-fried vegetable, or as a raw element in salads such as coleslaw and mixed salads. Cabbage growth and yield are known to be influenced by a variety of cultural practices and growing settings. Nutrition is a major determinant of cabbage growth and production. Production of cabbage could be enhanced through efficient use of applied both organic and inorganic fertilizer. When compared to chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers (cow dung, poultry manure, and vermin-compost) resulted in better nutrient uptake. Due to decreasing soil fertility, vegetable crop yields decreased. Organic manure can help to keep soil fertility and crop production in check. It is true that the use of inorganic fertilizers for crops has a negative impact on soil health, but organic fertilizers do not have this issue. Neither chemical fertilizers nor organic manure can help achieve long-term crop yield on their own. Because of deterioration in soil physical, chemical, and biological qualities, high yield levels could not be sustained using simply balanced chemical fertilizers over time. Integrated nutrient management is the most effective method for ensuring long-term soil fertility and productivity of cabbage. The objective of this review is to review the effect of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on cabbage and its economic importance’s.


INTRODUCTION
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) a biennial crop with a short stem holding a mass of overlapping leaves from a var. capitata, belongs to the cruciferae family. It came from wild nonheaded type 'colewarts' (crambecordifolias) from Western Europe and the Mediterranean's northern shore (Semuli, 2005). Cabbage grows well in a wide range of climates, including temperate and tropical, although it thrives best in a cool, damp climate (Kibar et al., 2014). Cabbage takes 60 to 100 days from sowing to market maturity, depending on the cultivar. It's best to use a well-drained sandy loam soil with good organic content and a pH of 6.0 to 6.5. (Yano et al., 1999). Cabbage is an excellent source of nitrogen and potassium. For head cabbage, higher amounts of nitrogen and potassium should be applied than phosphorus when soils are infertile (Sorensen, 2003).
Ethiopia has the highest livestock Resource in Africa. The traditional balance between people, livestock and their habitat and the socio-economic systems is fast disappearing. As a result, achieving long-term increases in agricultural production has been a top priority for the country (Wakene et al., 2001). Most smallholder farmers in tropical Africa, such as Ethiopia, use inorganic fertilizers insufficiently due to the unavailability and high cost of chemical fertilizers. In Ethiopia, most smallholder farmers use inorganic fertilizers at lower rates than recommended for crop production (Bumb and Baanate, 1996). Organic fertilizers, on the other hand, remain a primary source of mineral elements, particularly among resource-scarce farmers in underdeveloped nations. However, the utilization of organic fertilizers such as farm yard manure for crop productivity is highly dependent on the farming system in place.
Farmyard manure could become a major nutrient source for crops in areas where crop and livestock production are somewhat integrated, reducing the demand for costly artificial fertilizers. Furthermore, nutrients in organic manures are released more slowly and are kept in the soil for a longer period of time, resulting in a longer residual effect that supports stronger root development and higher crop yields (Bhuiyan, 2010). However, it has been noted that using organic fertilizers alone to sustain cropping is insufficient due to a lack of availability in sufficient amounts and their relatively low nutrient content (Palm et al., 1997). Some aspects must be considered in order to sustain and improve cabbage output through agronomic measures. For optimal vegetable production, integrated nutrient management and correct agricultural methods such as optimum nutrient administration must be followed (Bulluck et al., 2002).
As a result, combining organic and inorganic fertilizer sources can improve soil health and optimize cabbage output, and because it uses local resources, it is thought to be a sensible, realistic, and economically

Economic Importance of Cabbage
Among the other vegetable crops, cabbage is one of the simplest to grow, and the majority of people grow it in their backyard gardens. In the major vegetable-growing areas, it is also an essential economical and rotational crop (Ali stribigge and Andresen, 2013). Cabbage is often used as a vegetable. It's also used in salads with tomato, green chiles, beetroot, and other vegetables. It is high in sulfur and contains amino acids, minerals, carotenes, ascorbic acid, and antioxidants, as well as being anti-carcinogenic (Singh et al., 2009). Cabbage is often used in traditional medicine to treat symptoms related with gastrointestinal diseases (gastritis, peptic and duodenal ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome), as well as small cuts and wounds and mastitis, due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial characteristics (Samec et al., 2011).
It has therapeutic value as well, since it has a cooling effect, promotes appetite, avoids constipation, speeds up digestion, and is especially beneficial to diabetic patients (Malik, 2008). Cabbage is high in vitamins A, C, K, B1, B2, B6, calcium, dietary fiber, and protein when eaten fresh in salads or boiled or cooked in stews or soups (Uddin et al., 2009). Cabbage is commonly consumed as a cooked or stir-fried vegetable, or as a raw element in salads such as coleslaw (a salad made of row cut and chopped cabbage) and mixed salads (Grubben and Denton, 2004). A 100gram serving of cabbage provides 1.8 grams of protein, 0.1 grams of fat, 4.6 grams of carbohydrate, 0.6 grams of mineral, 29 milligrams of calcium, 0.8 milligrams of iron, and 14.1 milligrams of sodium (Andersen, 2000). It's great in slaws, salads, and even cooked dishes (Andersen, 2000).

Response of cabbage to natural fertilization
Organic manuring can help to keep soil fertility and crop production in check. It is true that the use of inorganic fertilizers for crops has a negative impact on soil health due to lingering effects, but organic fertilizers do not have this issue. Furthermore, it improves soil productivity as well as crop quality and yield (Tindall, 2000). Chemical fertilizers are used by farmers as a quick source of nutrients; however they are not applied in a balanced quantity (BARC, 2005). Neither chemical fertilizers nor organic manure can help achieve long-term crop yield on their own. Due to deterioration in soil physical, chemical, and biological qualities, even with balanced use of just chemical fertilizer, high production levels could not be maintained over time (Khan et al., 2008).
Organic fertilizer boosts soil biological activity, nutrient mobilization, and soil structure, while also increasing soil water retention. The dynamics of nutrient availability differ between systems that use organic fertilizers as plant nutrient sources and those that use mineral fertilizers. Sustainable crop production with mineral and organic fertilizer integration has proven to be quite beneficial. Compost and other organic fertilizers are also helpful in the production of cabbage. They not only give nutrients to the soil, but they also improve the structure of the soil and the availability of nutrients to plants, hence increasing the efficacy of inorganic fertilizer applications. Sarker et al. (2002) found that a treatment combination of 60 cm x 45 cm plant spacing with organic and inorganic fertilizers produced the best marketable yield of cabbage (86.68 t ha -1 ).
Anonymous (1991) found that applying 240 kg N, 60 kg P, and 120 kg K ha -1 , coupled with 5 t ha -1 cow manure, resulted in the highest cabbage head production (75 t ha -1 ). Farmyard manure slowly releases nutrients and activates soil microbial biomass (Ayuso et al., 1996;Belay et al., 2001). Organic manures can help agricultural systems last longer by improving nutrient recycling and soil physical characteristics (El-Shakweer, 1998). Several studies have shown the benefits of combining mineral and organic fertilizers in areas that had previously only received N, P, and K without any micronutrients or organic fertilizers for a few years (Chand et al., 2006;. The most effective strategy for ensuring long-term soil fertility and productivity is integrated nutrient management. However, in Ethiopia, this is not a common occurrence. Fertilizers are frequently applied according to general guidelines that apply to all soil types. Producing strong transplants for transplanted vegetables is essential for successful vegetable gardening. (Soundy et al., 2001a).

Response of cabbage to inorganic fertilization
Synthetic fertilizers created by industry are known as inorganic fertilizers (Utomo, et al., 2016). One of the keys to successfully increasing cabbage output is balanced fertilization. Nitrogen is one of the macronutrients that plants require in considerable amounts, and as a result, it is commonly deficient in plants. Nitrogen is taken up by plants in the form of NO3and NH4 + ions (Mengel and Kirkby, 2001). As a result, a nitrogen deficit could lead to stunted development and pale green leaves and stems (Mengel and Kirkby, 2001). In most plants, nitrogen has been shown to promote shoot growth at the expense of root development. Nitrogen application has been linked to increased plant height, stem diameter; leaf area, leaf number, total chlorophyll, and fresh and dry shoot mass (Zhang et al., 2009). In brassica vegetables, higher nitrogen levels have been proven to generate optimal yields. Higher nitrogen levels supported the growth of plants with larger leaf area, and it was more usefully utilized in head formation as a result (Mengel and Kirkby, 2001).
When the nitrogen application rate was increased, the relative core length increased, while the dry matter content of the heads decreased. This was linked to softer head tissue and lower physical resistance to stalk elongation with increasing nitrogen availability. The better the head quality, the shorter the proportional core length. As the nitrogen rate of the fertilizer is increased, the percent dry mass of the heads decreases, the number of burst heads increases, and the tip burn in the heads increases (Kumar and Rawat, 2002). Pre-plant treatments may result in losses or immobilization prior to plant absorption, reducing N use efficiency significantly (NUE). Split application is required to avoid nitrogen losses due to leaching and volatilization. Pre-plant applied nitrogen is prone to leaching and denitrification or immobilization before plant uptake, lowering N use efficiency (Subedi et al., 2007).
The amount of nitrogen and phosphorus required for the development of cabbage in Ethiopia is classified based on the soil fertility, according to ARARI (2005). For fertile soils, 150 kilogram DAP and 100 kg urea is recommended, whereas for non-fertile soils, 200 kg DAP and 100 kg urea is indicated. The first half of the urea and all of the DAP is applied at the time of planting, and the second half is applied 30 days later (ARARI, 2005).

Economic important of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer
Several field study reports have concluded that the only way to get high and long-term crop yields is to combine mineral fertilizer with organic manure (Satyanarayana et al, 2002). By converting inorganic nitrogen to organic forms, complementary application of organic and inorganic fertilizers improves nutrient synchronicity and lowers losses (Kramer et al., 2002). The combination of organic and synthetic nutrition sources not only provides needed nutrients, but also has a favorable interaction with chemical fertilizers, increasing their efficiency and reducing environmental risks. Soil additives are divided into two categories: organic and inorganic soil amendments. Plants and animals provide organic amendments, while. Inorganic amendments, on the other hand, can be mined or manufactured (Davis and Wilson, 2008).
Organic matter enhances soil aeration and water infiltration, as well as the capacity of soils to hold both water and nutrients. They aid in soil tilth maintenance by increasing the soil's ability to retain water (Sarka and Siegh 2002). As a result, according to Ball et al, (2005), organic fertilizers are also responsible for the development of soil aggregates, which are critical in sustaining soil fertility. Livestock dung contains all of the key nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and others) required for plant growth, as well as micronutrients (Tremblay et al, 2011). Because decomposition of organic matter does not occur in a single year, manure application in one year will affect not just the crops cultivated that year, but its residual effects will continue to affect crops in subsequent years (Bayu et al., 2006). The use of organic materials as fertilizers supplies growth-regulating compounds while also improving the soil's physical, chemical, and microbiological qualities (Belay et al, 2001). Organic and inorganic fertilizers both give the nutrients that plants require to grow healthy and robust. Each, on the other hand, includes distinct substances and provides these ingredients in different ways.
Inorganic fertilizer provides fast nutrition while organic fertilizer works overtime to establish a healthy growing environment (Miller, 2008). Inorganic fertilizer, often known as synthetic fertilizer, is made from mineral or synthetic compounds and is generated artificially. Apart from soil mineral provision, organic fertilizers as a component of sustainable agriculture contribute to soil quality by enhancing the structure, chemistry, and biological level of soil in order to improve soil fertility and produce healthy crops with good yields. These contribute to the general health and form of agricultural soils. Another benefit is the progressive release of nutrients and the reuse of soil organic materials. This is one of the eco-supportive infrastructures promoted by Yusuf and Ukoje (2012) for sustainable rural development, and it is built largely on locally obtained materials with little or no reliance on external inputs. Inorganic fertilizers provide the advantage of knowing their nutrient content and releasing nutrients immediately because other materials do not need to be degraded. As a result, the time of nutrient intake may be accurately anticipated.
Because of its high cost, inorganic fertilizer has not proven beneficial in intensive agriculture, and it has been linked to lower crop yields, soil degradation, nutrient imbalance, and acidity (Kang and Juo, 1980;Obi and Ebo, 1995). For long-term cropping in the tropics, it is advised that organic and inorganic fertilizers be used in tandem (Ipimoroti et al., 2002). When both fertilizers were used, Fuchs et al. (1970) found that nutrients from mineral fertilizers improved crop establishment while nutrients from mineralization of organic manures increased yield. It has been discovered that adding manure to the soil increases its water holding capacity, implying that nutrients will be more readily available to crops in areas where manure has been applied (Costa et al., 1991). Murwira and Kirchman (1993) discovered that combining manure and inorganic fertilizer could improve nutrient usage efficiency.
Experiments conducted in India revealed that treatment combinations with organic and inorganic fertilizers resulted in significantly higher cabbage head production (42.42 t ha -1 ) than the control with the addition of 150 kg N ha -1 fertilizer in combination with 10 t ha -1 FYM (38.10 t ha -1 ). Plant height, root length, number of loose leaves and heading leaves, leaf length and width, thickness and diameter of head, and yield were all best in another field experiment with 240 kg N, 45 kg P, 180 kg K, and 45 kg S ha -1 . An application of 240 kg N, 45 kg P ha -1 resulted in the highest marketable yield (87.09 t/ha) (Brady, 2003). According to Lesic et al. (2004), cabbage has high requirements for all nutrients, notably nitrogen, ranging from 130 to 310 kg N ha -1 for high Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol.11, No.19, 2021 12 yields.

SUMMERY AND CONCLUSION
Cabbage is an important vegetable crop in Ethiopia, although typical yields are low due to a variety of limiting factors, the most significant of which being the use of nitrogen fertilizer at an inadequate rate. However, in recent years, the use of both organic and inorganic fertilizers on cabbage has been a key study focus. Farmers and other value chain participants now have access to some of the study findings along the way, particularly on cabbage. Cabbage is one of Ethiopia's most popular and commonly cultivated vegetables.
It is a perishable food, and local production is frequently vulnerable to insufficient organic and inorganic fertilizer treatment. Nonetheless, the effect of combining organic and inorganic fertilizers on cabbage production is given top emphasis, and the best combination for optimizing cabbage yield has yet to be determined. The combination of organic and synthetic nutrient sources not only provides critical nutrients for cabbage, but also has a good interaction with chemical fertilizers, increasing their efficiency and reducing environmental risks.
The use of organic materials as fertilizers supplies growth-regulating compounds while also improving the soil's physical, chemical, and microbiological qualities. Because decomposition of organic matter takes more than a year, manure application in one year will affect not just the cabbage cultivated that year, but its leftover effects will continue to influence cabbage in subsequent years. Inorganic fertilizers provide the advantage of knowing their nutrient content and releasing nutrients immediately because other materials do not need to be degraded. As a result, the time of nutrient intake may be accurately anticipated. Therefore an intervention that leads to increasing the cabbage yield through enhancing the soil fertility by combined application of fertilizer is paramount important.

RECOMANDATION
So, from these review the following aspect should be considered; In order to draw a general recommendation further research should be done on combined application of organic and in organic fertilizer on cabbage.
There is a need for testing the fertility and P H of the soil in the study area in addition to combined application on cabbage production. The researcher should be under consideration integrated management of pre harvest and post-harvest practices in the area of the field for best quality production of cabbage. There is also a need for carry out research not only on the combined application of cabbage but also post-harvest loss of cabbage. Finally, for the best quality product, the research is required through incorporation combined application of fertilizer as well as pre-harvesting post-harvest practices taking other factors under consideration in the specific area.