A Review on Prevalence of Bovine Mastitis and Antibiotic Residual Effects in Raw Milk and Its Human Health Significance

Abstract

This paper has reviewed researches and paper reviews obtained from peer-reviewed literature published between 1950 to 2014 on the prevalence of bovine mastitis and antibiotic residual effects in raw milk and its human health significance in dairy sectors. A dairy is a development tool because it widens and sustains pathways out of poverty through securing assets of the poor, improving smallholder productivity, and increasing market participation by the poor. Hence, the development of the dairy sector in different parts of the countries can contribute significantly to poverty alleviation, improved nutrition, and household income.  But, the dairy sector has not been fully exploited and promoted due to inflammation of the mammary gland called mastitis. Mastitis remains one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality of adult dairy cows and results in reduced profitability for the dairy industry. Generally, mastitis is one of the most devastating disease conditions leading to significant economic losses globally because of reduced milk production, treatment costs, increased labor, milk withholding following treatment, death, and premature culling. in addition to these, samples of raw milk produced and/or transported to consumers in different parts of the country showed that almost all microbiological counts were above the international accepted standard level (>105cfu/ml and >102cfu/ml for AMBC and Enterobacteriaceae/coliform counts, respectively) and different pathogenic (spoilage) bacteria have identified, it is probably because of problem-related with the health of milking cows, poor production and handling practices, contaminants from milking environment and administration of antibiotic drug rule. Therefore, awareness creation about quality milk production and good handling practices produced, transported until consumption is necessary; the concerned body shall control the quality of milk by prevention of the prevalence of mastitis regularly and also set the standard for bacterial quality.

Keywords: Antibiotic; bovine; mastitis; prevalence; quality milk

DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-24-01

Publication date: December 31^st 2021