Fighting Through Community Participation Based on Vegetative Conservation Approach of Wonogiri Reservoir Sedimentation in Sub - Watershed of Keduang

Abstract

Humans are the main trigger factors causes of sedimentation. It’s happened because of the farming and cultivation system that is not based on the principles of sustainable development. These human activities causes in damage to the environment in the region surrounding reservoir (hinterland), further more causing sedimentation that deposited in the water body. The consequence of this circumstance, the capacity of reservoir is decreasing. In order to reduce the level of sedimentation, a proper conservation has to be done. The research concerning the related matter was conducted in Sub Watershed (Sub-catchment) Keduang which is constitute one of six sub-watershed in the rain catchment area of Wonogiri reservoir which is contributed the largest amount sedimentation silt in to reservoir. This study focused on vegetative conservation approaches and community involvement related to the five capitals in relation to watershed conservation, namely: social capital (public power), human capital (community resources), financial capital (the physical condition of the land) and natural capital (natural forces); vegetative capital and government incentives.

The General purpose of this study was to find a relationship between the five capitals and government incentives as a motivating factor that may affected to the public (farmers who live in the catchment areas) in a participatory conservation for controlling sedimentation rate in the areas surrounding reservoir. The specific objectives of this study were as follows: (a) to find the amount of community participation in conservation, especially the education community, (b) to find a major role in the conservation of human resources, (c) to find the role of power / financial capital for conservation, (d) to find the magnitude of the role of the physical conditions in conservation activities; (e) to find major role for the conservation of natural resources, (f) to find the magnitude of the role of government and NGOs in Keduang Sub watershed conservation.

The method used was survey method with a sample of 300 respondents was taken by using a purposive sampling in five villages, they are Gemawang Village (Ngadirojo SubDistrict); Sambirejo Village (Jatisrono SubDistrict); Pingkuk Village (Jatiroto SubDistrict); Sukoboyo Village (Slogohimo SubDistrict), and Sembukan Village (Sidoharjo SubDistrict). Data collection techniques performed by using a questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion. Data analysis was done by using the validity test: reliability Test, Multicollinearity Test: Autocorrelation Test: heteroscedasticity Test; hypothesis testing performed by T test and F test, and coefficient of determination analysis, in order to determine the amount of capital contribution of the influence of these five variables and the government's decision to implement watershed conservation. The results showed that the five capitals and government incentives are jointly significant effect on farmers' conservation decisions in the prevention of sedimentation in the sub-watershed of Keduang, while for the grass vegetation, in addition also having support to the  economic value of conservation especially for supporting livestock and cattles.

Keywords: community participation, equity (capital) and government incentives, watershed conservation, reduction of sedimentation, Keduang Sub-Watershed.