Estimation of Land Surface Temperature Using Landsat by Split Window Algorithm: A Case Study in Bahir Dar Zuria, Ethiopia

Abstract

Urbanization is global issue that have both positive and negative impact on environment. With the modern development the rural of world changed to urban it may change the livelihood of the nation.in the other hand the rural poor migrating to urban areas this is the negative impact of urbanization in urban area. In the other hand it influencing temperature raise in the city area when compared with surrounding rural. The peri-urban area of Bahir dar is converted to city center, agricultural in around the city gradually converted to residential area. The agricultural land and vegetation in peri-urban of the city converted to different land use, industrial zone, residential. This proses negative impact on the city condition with rise of land surface temperature. Large area of peri-urban of Bahir dar city is surrounded by different industrial zone.This study found that the land surface temperature is increasing gradually between the selected study periods (1995 to 2016).  The mean temperature estimated between the selected years are varied depending on the factor considered. The result of this study shows that the mean temperature of the area was 25.7°C in 1995 which became 25.9°C in 2001 and down to 26.4°C in 2010, the temperature in 2016 estimated 28.7°C. The Temperature change between 11 years study periods revealed that 3 °C increased. The correlation between air temperature observed during the study period from meteorological station and estimated land surface temperature is found positively correlated with a R² value of 0.84 in 2010 the other year are not done because of the absence of metrological data at the study period. The study found that green space in city center, wetland and water body is very important to moderate land surface temperature.  The mayor of municipality have to keep the existing wetland and green space in city center.

Keywords: LST, NDVI, Climate variability, Climate