Research and Application of Entomopathogenic Fungi as Pest Management Option: A Review

Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi are myco-biocontrol, potentially the most versatile biological control agents with a wide host range and are an environmentally sound and effective means of reducing insect-pests. The use of microbial control agents particularly entomopathogenic fungi, have been investigated for the control of a wide range of orchard and field crop pests and are a widespread component of most terrestrial ecosystems. Entomopathogenic fungi are a major component of integrated pest management techniques as biological control agents against insect pests and other arthropods in horticulture, forestry and agriculture and are found in the divisions of Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Deuteromycota, Chytridiomycota and Oomycota, which were previously classified within fungi. Insect control using entomopathogenic fungi is achieved when sufficient infective propagules, conidia contact a susceptible host and conditions are suitable for a lethal mycosis to develop. A wide range of fungi occur in the soil environment and they have various ecological functions. Most of these fungi, along with a range of bacteria, can grow on artificial media in vitro. Several methods have been used to describe the variation within a species of entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi including morphological characteristics of spores and colonies, extracellular protein profiles, pathogenecity, growth and nutrient requirements. Furthermore, immune taxonomic and chemotaxonomic methods have been used, though only with limited success. Taxonomic procedures are becoming more and more complex and it is generally accepted that some forms of molecular identification techniques are needed in addition to the traditional morphological characteristics formally used to classify fungal species. During the last four decades, over 80 companies worldwide have developed 171 mycoinsecticides and myco-acaricides. Use of mycoinsecticdes is likely to rise if research is focus on; improving its performance under challenging environmental conditions, formulations that will increase persistence, longer shelf life, ease of application, pathogen virulence and wider spectrum of action.

Keywords: Eco-friendliness, fungi, insect pest, myco-acaricides, mycoinsecticdes

DOI: 10.7176/JEES/10-3-03

Publication date:March 31^st 2020