Determination of the Soil Physco- Chemical Status of Itang Special Woreda Gambella Regional State

Abstract

The study was conducted at the Achewa, Adong and Mekod district which is located in the Itang sprcial woreda of West of Gambella Regional state. The present study, therefore, is designed with The general objective of to determine of the soil physical and chemical status of the study area. With specific objective of to evaluate the fertility status of the soils in the study area and to identify the potentiality of land to grow crops. Field survey was carried out and Descriptive statistics were employed, finally with critical value were used to analyze the data. Soil samples were collected from three districts of Achewa, Adong and Mekod. Composite soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-20 cm representing these land uses and analyzed for selected soil physiochemical properties such as Texture,soil pH, electrical conductivity, Exchangeable Bases, CEC, Available P, Available K, Total N and Organic Carbon. The results showed that the soils texture in all land uses are clay loam except Mekod which was clay in texture and soil pH were neutral in Achewa and adong whereas alikaline  in Mekod. The low soil pH in cultivated fields was probably due to continuous removal of basic cations by crops and intensive Achewa and Adong that enhanced leaching of basic cations. The bulk density and total porosity values of the study area are within the acceptable rang for agriculture inorganic soil. The OM content of the study area (1.51, 1.34 to 3.12%), available P (13.72, 11.35and 16.43mg kg^-1) and total N (0.164, 0.125and 0.245%) in Achewa, Adong and Mekod respectively. The soil exchange complex was mainly dominated by Ca and Mg where the order of occurrence was Ca > Mg >K > Na. The CEC values were very high ranging from 38, 45and cmol(+) kg^-1 in Achewa, Adong and Mekod respectively . The results of the study revealed that the physical and chemical properties of the soils are highly variable to each districts In general, special attention should be given to Achewa and Adong district to improve the soil fertility status of soils so as to sustain its productivity.

Keywords: determination, soil, physical, chemical

DOI: 10.7176/JEES/10-4-02

Publication date: April 30^th 2020