Evaluation of Climate Change Impact on Streamflow (A Case Study of Dabus River,Abay Basin Ethiopia) Using CORDEX-RCP and SWAT Model

Abstract

Climate change is becoming one of the most debating and threatening issues in terms of global context which alter regional hydrologic conditions and results in a variety of impacts on water resource systems. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of climate change on the stream flow of Dabus Sub-basin which located in upper Blue Nile Basin of Ethiopia. The CORDEX RCM downscaled and bias corrected were used for the climate projection.  To estimate the level of impact of climate change, climate change scenarios of precipitation and temperature were divided into three time windows of 25 years as the whole from (2025-2099). Soil and water assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated and validated for stream flow simulation using SWAT-CUP with a method of SUFI2. The results showed that the value of calibration and validation reveals a good agreement with R²=0.84 during calibration and R²=0.82 during validation whereas NSE= 0.75 during calibration and NSE=0.72 during validation. The maximum and minimum temperatures increase for the three time horizons under both scenarios with largest increase under RCP8.5.  The largest increase of mean annual maximum temperature under RCP4.5 is 1.31^oC while under RCP8.5 that increase by 3.097^oC in future periods of  (2075-2099). Similarly, The largest increase of  annual minimum temperature under RCP4.5 scenario by 1.28^oC while 1.42^oC under RCP8.5 in future periods of (2075-2099). Compared to the base line period the total annual precipitation decrease for the three time horizons under both scenarios. A decrease of mean annual precipitation under RCP4.5 are 12.8% , 18.26% and 21.27% while under RCP8.5, it show decrease by 13.76%, 14.87% and 13.6% in the future periods of (2025–2049), (2050-2074)and (2075-2099) respectively. The stream flow projections are made in the future with two emission scenarios of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, the study show that an average annual decrease in the stream flow up to 11.97% for RCP4.5 and up to 13.37% for RCP8.5 in the next 75 years.

Keywords: Dabus Sub basin; SWAT; RCP Scenario; CORDEX RCM ; Climate Change

DOI: 10.7176/JEES/10-11-04

Publication date: November 30^th 2020