Role of Plant Breeding in Coping with Climate Change for Food and Agriculture: A Review

Abstract

Plant breeding has been made a crucial role for food and agriculture by studying and focusing on utilization of genetic diversity of plants adaptability and survival when their environments changes. Plant breeding efforts to help producers overcome the enormous challenges posed by climate change through the creation of new seed varieties with improved genetics from germplasm exhibiting stress tolerance. This field play decisive role in advancing crop varieties and hybrids to become more productive, high in quality, better adapted to a biotic and biotic stresses, as well as producing plants that can contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by increasing nitrogen and CO2 input-use efficiency. However, global temperatures rising, human population, absence of urgent institute measures, limit application of new methods, lack of resources, training and capabilities, more frequent and severe drought and flooding, along with increased pressure from insects and disease, will be agriculture’s biggest challenge. On the other hand, there is great opportunities to over-come earlier mentioned problems. For instance, advances in technology have put many more tools into breeders’ hands. Technologies like molecular markers and bioinformatics and other techniques are expediting the process of analyzing and assessing traits.

Keywords: Plant breeding, Climate change, Food and Agriculture

DOI: 10.7176/JEES/11-1-01

Publication date: January 31^st 2021