Time Management in Social Networking Sites and Its Role in Preventing the Risk of Addiction to These Sites Among Its Users

: This study aimed to identify time management in social networking sites and its role in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among its users. The researcher used a descriptive survey method based on data and information collection tools (analysis of documents and records) to answer the questions of the study. The study sample consisted of (412) male and female university students which was chosen based on simple random selection from (Yarmouk University, Jadara University, Irbid National university. For achieving the purposes of the study, the researcher developed the study tool (questionnaire) which is consisted of (22) items. After verifying its reliability and validity the researcher calculated the means, standard deviations, frequency and percentages. The results showed that the role of time management in social networking sites in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among its users ranged from (moderate - very high) . The results also showed that there was a statistically significant difference to the estimates of the members of the study sample on time management in social networking sites and its role in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among users from the university students as a whole. It is attributed to the gender variable in favor of males and for the school year variable. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference for the study sample due to the college variable .

everywhere we go help reducing the time lost on these networks .  Connect your accounts to each other: select one social network that you prefer to write in and interact with others in it, and then connect the rest of the social networks to this network, so that you write and publish in one network and these posts appear in the rest of the networks automatically .  Get out of groups: Get out of groups that do not interest you, that you have become a member of dozens of groups on Facebook and you do not know who entered you.  Read only: If you are the one who responds to each post on Facebook or every tweet on twitter, it will take you a lot of time every day, so be used to not respond unless it is necessary. Social networking sites have spread widely and become the largest sites in the web space, it expanded its services and provided its browsers with broad possibilities in the exchange of information in different fields of education, culture, sports and others. Every person is responsible for determining how to spend his time in social networking sites. Will he benefit from the scientific sites and its good content? Or will he waste his time on the different social networking platforms?
Those who participate in scientific, political, cultural, and social knowledge will increase their awareness and knowledge at the same time, they will contribute to enrich these sites with the knowledge they possess for the benefit of others. On the other hand, there are other sites that have their followers, which call for the dismantling of the social fabric to sow sectarianism, terrorism, violence, crime and the sexual sites that lead to degradation of morality and virtue (Meligi, 2015).
Social networking sites are a modern means of communication through (SNS) millions of Internet users communicate with each other without being separated by any factors such as age, gender, occupation or nationality. Users of these sites share a common interest and hobbies.
Adolescents and young adults are usually more vulnerable to these sites. They have embraced these sites much more than the older generations, to connect with their peers, share information, reinvent their personality and showcase their social lives. They are usually more prone to develop addictive behaviors to SNS, as they are habitually alert to what happens in these virtual environments and because of their growing interest in the use of modern technology especially the social networks site. It is also due to some psychological and social factors represented in the desire of young people to establish relationships and friendships with others in different countries of the world (Boyd and Ellison, 2007) .also due to some psychological and social factors represented in the desire of young people to establish relationships and friendships with others in different countries of the world (Boyd and Ellison, 2007) . There are very popular social networking sites visited and used by millions of people (Elise,2017) and (Antony,2016.) which are: 1-Facebook: It has more than one billion users per month and is considered the largest social networking platform on the Internet, and it was established in 2004 2-Twitter: It has more than 300 million users per month, and its users can publish posts within a maximum of 140 characters. Companies use twitter to communicate with its customers publishing news about their products. 3-Google Plus: It owns more than 400 million active users per month and it in use in 2011 4-YouTube: It is the largest social networking platform with more than one billion visitors per month. It is specialized in downloading, uploading and watching video clips. It was established in 2005, then Google purchased it with $ 1 billion of $ 65 billion. 5-Instagram: It is a website of the Facebook company and has more than 400 million visitors. It offers its users many tools to edit photos and videos. 6-Snapchat: is a multimedia messaging app used globally. It was published in 2011 and according to statistics conducted in 2015, it has a hundred million active users daily. 7-WhatsApp: It is an application for smartphones, tablets and computers. It allows users to create conversations with other users and enable them to send pictures, audio, video clips in addition to document files. It was published in 2010 and has more than one billion users.
McClellan (2012) provided six ways employed in the treatment of disorder of social media addiction, the most important of which are: 1-determining the goals of the individual for accessing the social networking sites. 2-Determining the time, he allocated to achieve those goals while browsing. 3-Making the social media site share the individual's goals and works with him and not in the opposite direction.4-Taking breaks from social media. 5-Using these sites as a source of stimulation and rewarding for the individual after doing a good work or carrying out a successful project. 6-Using it for exercising a sport, artistic hobbies or going out to meet friends or family.

Signs of social networking addiction as stated by Najem (2012).
The interest in the study of Internet addiction as a phenomenon has spread among individuals in different communities, perhaps it is due to the multiple impacts it has on its users such as psychological, social and health impacts. In fact, Internet users spend most of their time online thus they devote less time to perform another activity or to communicate with others which may have a toll on their life.
At the same time, we shouldn't ignore the great role these sites play. They provide a huge amount of information at an amazing speed and they have contributed in diminishing the distance between friends and families, they also made the world as a small village where its people interact with each other easily. Najem (2012) pointed out the signs of social networking addiction, which are:  Spending several hours, a day on social media.  Browsing social media whenever possible.  Over-participating on these sites.  Affecting the individual's professional, academic or social performance.  The appearance of psychiatric symptoms such as withdrawal when trying to reduce the time of surfing of communication sites  Resorting to networking sites to avoid problems that occur in real life.  Browsing social networking sites when going to sleep causing insomnia, accessing these sites directly when wake up and remains in a constant watch.  Severing anxiety and tension in the case of an impediment to communication, and a sense of great happiness when returning.

The effects of social networking addiction as stated by Waleed (2019):
A) Physical effects: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a medical condition affecting the hands or wrists due to too much writing and compression on fingers because of too much typing on the phone. Eye strain as a result of staring at the screen for too long. B) Psychological and mental effects: low self-esteem, feelings of envy when looking at the lives of others that seem perfect on social media and unwillingness to have real social interactions if one thing can be said to hundreds of people with a single click. The preoccupation of mind in things that are not beneficial rather than learning something new, and wasting time on these sites leads to complete separation from the outside world over time, in addition to neglecting the realistic communication with close friends and family, which affects the addict of those sites in a state of loneliness and isolation. The findings of some research have also shown that addiction to the use of social media impacts not only the addicted negatively or his health in the future, but also leads to the deterioration of their social relations and personal lives, because its results are not only limited to the loss of moral responsibility towards themselves and their society. Actually, the danger is that addicted social media will replace their fundamental values with alternate values that may not be consistent with their culture or religion Which in return may affect his psychological and personality structures (Raymer,2015.) Both Internet and Facebook addiction have negative effects on the life of the individual and society, especially on the group of youth and adolescents category who are the most category exposed to this type of addiction (Abu Hadrous, 2016) ,) Adolescences waste their time at the expense of other activities or responsibilities that must accomplished, many site users spend most of their time following these social platforms, ignoring their obligation for their families, jobs or social responsibilities in the real world Most psychological experts warn about the impact of fake contact on the individual's psyche on these sites and waste fake time jumping from one site to another with no desired benefit. The long-term risk of using these sites comes from stealing the people's age in a faked world that is related to some attitudes and topics presented on the sites that may influence the person's awareness as well. Overcoming Internet platforms addiction requires a strong will just as any other addiction that requires effort and determination, and the first step is to recognize the risks of spending long hours a day on social networks with no logical purpose (Al-Faqi, 2008.) Educators realized the importance and seriousness of social media which driven them to conduct several studies on this topic. According to recent studies conducted in 2010 that the number of Arab users of the site "Facebook" reaches more than 15 million people, and studies also indicated that the number of Arab users is increasing at a rate of one million Person every month. Facebook, for example, is one of the most popular social networking sites platforms which was established in 2004 with several users exceeds 21 million. (Abu Hadrous, 2016.) Social media is characterized by being a society that is based on invisible or indirect relationships. It gives an individual the opportunity to communicate with the largest possible number of individuals, it does not require social skills to manage relationships, it is sometimes encourages people to live in an imaginary world which they does not real have but pretend so, even if it lasted for a short time (Al-Shimi, 2009.) The phenomenon of addiction to social networks has become a concern for millions of users around the world because of their negative effect on health and psychological damage it causes. Addiction to SNS takes many forms such as continuous browsing of these sites, addiction to electronic games, sending text messages "Chat" and taking lots of photos "Selfie" (Naif, 2018).
Addiction to these sites has become a state of disease as the non-consensual use of the Internet leads to behavioral disorders, as evidenced by several phenomena, including increasing the number of hours in front of the

3.The study Problem and questions
Social media addiction has become a phenomenon at all age levels, especially university students, which requires intensifying efforts to understand and address it with providing suitable solutions and counseling, especially as the number of users who are experiencing psychological problems due to the excessive use of social networks is increasing every day. Therefore, the researcher wanted in this study to shed light on the management of time on social networking sites and their role in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among users through the following questions: 1: What is the role of time management in social networking sites in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among users? 2: Are there any statistically significant differences at ( α≤0.05) in the study sample estimates on time management in social media and its role in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among university students? Attributed to the effect of variables: (gender, college, year ).

limitations of the study
The results related to time management in social networking sites and their role in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites in their users are determined by the validity and reliability of the study tool (questionnaire), but the limits were: -Spatial Limits: The study was limited to university students in the northern region ( Yarmouk, Jedara, Irbid National, Jerash).
-Time limits: The questionnaire was applied for the academic year (2019/2020).
-Sample of study: The sample of the study was limited to (412) male and female university students, so it can generalize its results to its statistical community only and similar communities.
-Study results are limited by application and analysis conditions. The process of taking advantage of the time and personal talent available to achieve the important goals we seek in our lives, while maintaining a balance between the requirements of work and private life and the needs of the body, spirit and mind." Grisman (2003:1) defines it as "ways and means to make the most of one's time to achieve his goals and create a balance in his life between duties, desires and goals." Social networking sites: Raymer (2015:284) stated that it was a system of electronic networks on the World Wide Web that allows the subscriber to create his own site, and then linked through an electronic social system with other members with the same interests and hobbies or communicate with friends University or school. 2.Social Media: are interactive social networks that allow users to communicate anytime they want, anywhere in the world, it appeared on the Internet for years, Social media enables its user to communicate using video, voice, sharing images and other possibilities that strengthen the social relationship between them ( Dulaimi, 2011: 183). 3.Social Media Addiction: Dependence on the use of social networking sites for many hours exceeds three hours a day so that the addict can not stop because of the sense of urgency to continue, as indicated by the Saudi study referred to in (Anderson, 2012) . Procedural Definition of Addiction to social networking sites: increasing the hours of using social networks without paying attention to the wasted time and neglect performing other duties, among university students in the northern region.

5.Methods & Procedures:
The study adopts the descriptive survey method to achieve its objectives, as the researcher relied on the questionnaire prepared as a primary source of data, so that it calculated the mean of the items and the standard deviations, as a test to know the time management in social media sites and its role in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among its users.

Study population and sample:
The study population consisted of (412) students from the universities of the Northern Region (Yarmouk University, Jadara University, Irbid Private University, Jerash University) for the academic year (2018/2019). The sample was chosen based on simple random selection techniques and according to the following demographic characteristics: Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.11, No.8, 2020

The study Tool
After researching the literature and previous studies, the researcher prepared a questionnaire to achieve the objectives of the present study. The questionnaire items were given equal weights on the Likert scale, which consists of five levels to estimate the strength of the procedure carried by the vocabulary of each statement: very high, high, moderate, little and very little. The weights (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) are given to the previous levels respectively if the paragraph is positive while weights (5, 4, 3, 2, 1) are given to the previous levels in the same order if they bear a negative trend. To interpret the estimates of the study sample on each paragraph of the tool, the following statistical criterion was used: From 1.00 -less than 1.80 with a very low rating From 1.80 -below 2.60 with a low rating From 2.60 -less than 3.40 with a moderate score From 3.40 -less than 4.20 with a high rating From 4.20 -5.00 with a very high rating.

5.3The validity of the tool
To ensure the validity of the tool, the significance of the logical validity was applied by presenting it to five specialized educational arbitrators to ensure the suitability of its items, the clarity and relevance were assessed. Certain items were modified based on the suggestions proposed by the arbitrators. Then it was shown to the same arbitrators and another three arbitrators who approved the final form. The correlation coefficients between the paragraph and the tool were calculated. The results were as shown in the following table: .525** 20 .840** 10 .808** 21 .697** 11 .730** 22 .823** Table (2) shows that the correlation coefficients between the items of the tool and the overall tool were appropriate. The correlations between the items of the tool and the fields of study ranged between (0.4-0.9) and are suitable for purposes to achieve the objectives of the current study.

The reliability of the tool
To verify the reliability of the study, the researcher employed the test-retest method on an exploratory sample of (25) students selected from the study population from outside of the study sample.
The questionnaire was applied to them twice at a time interval of twenty days, and the reliability coefficient was calculated by applying the retest, through calculating the correlation coefficient of Pearson (0.83).The internal consistency was extracted by Alpha Cronbach method (85.0).These values of reliability are acceptable for the purposes of the current study.

Statistical procedures
The researcher used the descriptive survey method by collecting, categorizing and analyzing various data to answer the study questions.
The following statistical methods were applied using SPSS: mean and standard deviations, Cronbach alpha correlation coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient and Three Way Anova analysis to examine the effect of study variables on social media time management and its role In preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among its users.

Discussion of the results:
To answer the first question: What is the role of time management in social networking sites in the prevention of the risk of addiction to these sites among users? To answer this question, the means and standard deviations of the tool items were calculated.  (5) Table (3) indicates that the mean of the first field items ranged between (2.31) and (4.51) degree (moderate to very high). Item (8) which states that " I avoid engaging in conversation and chats because they waste time." (mean, 4.51) and (SD.664) with (very high) degree, while item (6) which states " I only follow one site to communicate through."" (mean, 2.31) and (SD ,1.347) and (moderate) degree.
The answer to the second question: Is there any statistically significant differences at ( α≤0.05) in the study sample estimates on time management in social media and its role in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among university students? Attributed to the effect of variables: gender, college, year and the academic level.
To answer this question, the means and standard deviations were calculated for the study sample estimates on time management in social networking sites and its role in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among university students, according to variables (gender, college, year of study) as indicated in Table (4). Table (4) mean and standard deviations of the study sample estimates on the degree of time management in Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.11, No.8, 2020 social networking sites and its role in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among university students as a whole, according to the variable (gender, college, year of study)  (4) indicates that there are apparent differences between the means based on the estimates of the members of the study sample on the study tool according to the variable (gender, college, academic level) .To determine the statistical significance of these apparent differences the "A three-way ANOVA" was applied, as shown in Table (4). • There are statistically significant differences at the level of statistical significance ( α = 0.05) of the study sample estimates on time management in social media sites and its role in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among university students as a whole, according to the variable (gender) and the differences were in favor of males. • There is no statistically significant difference at the statistical significance level ( α = 0.05) of the study sample estimates of time management in social media sites and its role in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among university students as a whole, according to the variable (college). • There is a statistically significant difference at the level of statistical significance (α = 0.05) of the study sample estimates on time management in social media sites and its role in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among university students as a whole, according to the variable (the academic year) to identify the significance of differences on Variable academic year, Scales Comparisons were made using the Sheff'e Test, as shown in Table  5.
Table (5) correlated to Post Hoc Comparisons shows the differences between the first-year category and the third-year category in favor of the first, as well as the differences between the category of the second year and third year category and the differences in favor of the second year, as well as the differences between the fourth year and third year category and the differences in favor of a fourth year.

Conclusions and recommendations 8.1 Results
The first question: The results of the study showed that the role of time management in social networking sites in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among their users ranged from moderate to very high degree.
The second question: The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the study sample estimates on time management in social media sites and its role in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among university students as a whole, according to gender variable and the differences were in favor of males. -There is no statistically significant difference for the study sample estimates on time management in social networking sites and its role in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among university students, according to the college variable. -There is a statistically significant difference to the estimates of the members of the study sample on the management of time in social networking sites and its role in preventing the risk of addiction on these sites among university students as a whole, according to the variable of the years of studying.

Conclusion
Finally, it was found that social media is a great cultural achievement that a person can decides how to benefit from and how to avoid its risks. But at the same time, we can't deny the importance of the joint effort that should be invested and integrated to provide advice and support to those people who are unfortunately addicted to these social platforms. Actually, most of these people are the university students, who because of their increasing desire to use modern technology and communication networks as a result of some psychological and social factors represented in the desire of young people to establish relationships and friendships with others in various parts of the world. But their overuse of these platforms may affect them negatively and cause frustration or isolation.
The results of the study showed that time management on social networking sites has a role in preventing the risk of addiction to these sites among their users and it ranged from (moderate-very high). The study also showed that there were statistically significant differences for the study sample estimates on time management in social networking sites and its role in preventing the risk of addiction among its users from college students as overall attributable to the gender variable and the differences were in favor of males and the school year variable. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences for the sample estimates due to the college variable.

Recommendations
In the light of the results of the current study recommended the following: --Conducting studies like the current study on university students to find other ways to prevent the risk of addiction on social networking sites and compared it to the current study. -Seeking out for the bright side of these means in terms of use; employ them for the benefit of the person and the nation in all aspects.
Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.11, No.8, 2020 160 -Organizing training workshops and holding awareness lectures that highlight the danger of addiction to these sites.
-Establishing a general social system to occupy leisure time for young people, especially during summer and other vacation periods, such as setting up programs for clubs to be joined by young people to spend leisure time in addition to doing what benefits them and their community.