Associations of Body Composition with Hypertension in the Case of Geography and Health and Physical Education Teachers

This study investigates A Comparative study between blood pressure and body composition of Geography and Health and Physical education teachers of Ginbot 20 General Secondary and Preparatory School. Furthermore, it was not very clear how blood pressure was affected by such factors as body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and percent body fat. To this end the hypotheses were formulated questionnaires and experimental testing. The descriptive research design with purposive sampling techniques was used. Thereafter, a sample of 107 subjects representing 14 (13%) of the targeted population was purposely selected for the study. The digital blood pressure monitor Measurement Machine (stethoscope), digital weight and height machine, Sphygmomanometer were used to collect data on blood pressure and body composition. Major findings of the study revealed that: Relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressures was positively significant among the active and inactive subjects in this study; Relationship between systolic blood pressure and body mass index was positively significant among the Geography and Health and Physical Education teachers in this study; Relationship between diastolic blood pressure and body mass index was positively significant among physical exercise active and physical exercise inactive teachers .

(diastolic). High blood pressure is divided into different levels.
 Borderline (120-160/90-94)  Mild (140-160/95-104)  Moderate 140-180/105-114)  Severe (160+/115+) There are several factors associated with the incidence of high blood pressure. Some of these factors like heredity, family background, age and sex. There are factors that are modifiable like diet, exercise, sleep, consumption of fatty diet, obesity, overweight and cigarette smoking. Exercise physiologists attempt to use different forms of exercise as an intervention to prevent the incidence of overweight and obesity. This investigation was therefore conducted to A Comparative Study of Blood Pressure and Body Composition between Geography and Physical education Teachers of Ginbot 20 General Secondary and Preparatory School.

Research Questions
This investigation was designed to answer the following questions:  What is the relationship between blood pressure and body composition of Health and Physical Education Teachers?  What is the relationship between blood pressure and body composition of Geography Teachers?  What is the relationship between blood pressure and Body Composition of Geography and Physical Education teachers?

Objectives of the Study General Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between body composition and blood pressurebetween geography and health and physical education teachers of Ginbot 20 General secondary and preparatory School.

Specific Objectives
The Study has the following specific objectives:-To examine blood pressure and body composition status of geography teachers of Ginbot 20 Secondary and Preparatory School.
To rate blood pressure and body composition status of Health and Physical Education teachers of Ginbot 20 Secondary and Preparatory School.
To analysis blood pressure and body composition geography teachers of Ginbot 20 Secondary and Preparatory School.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Design
A cross sectional descriptive study design with qualitative and quantitative approaches was employed in this study. In order to assess A comparative study of blood pressure and body composition between Geography and Health and Physical Education Teachers of Ginbot 20 General secondary and preparatory School quantitative method was used the information which was collected from questionnaires, and scientific measurements (stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, digital weight machine, height measurement machine) to present in percentage and tables.

Source of Data
The researcher used both primary and secondary source of data. In order to realize the objective of the study and adequately answer the research questions, data were gathered from both primary and secondary sources of information. Additionally, intensive review of related literatures was made to support the study with empirical knowledge in the area. A. Primary Source of Data: -Experimental testing: was employed to generate quantitative data relevant from the target population. There were 6 Health and Physical education teachers and 8 Geography teachers total 14 target populations involved in this experimental testing. B. Secondary Source of Data:-The secondary sources of information were obtained from different related researches ,from Lumamie Primary Hospital patients documents and from the Hospital Nurse .

Population of the Study
The participants of this study are Ginbot 20 General Secondary and Preparatory School Health and Physical Education Teachers and Geography teachers. Since the study was expected to investigate answers for the above mentioned topic, it assumes that it would be quite appropriate to get the relevant data directly from the target population. The target population included 91 male and 16 female totals of 107 teachers working in Ginbot 20 General Secondary and preparatory school in 2010 E.C. Among them 7male and 1 female total 8 Geography teachers,5 male and 1 female total 6 health and physical education teachers participated in the experimental testing by selected purposive sampling. Educational qualification of all 16 percipients is degree and above. The data were collected on a comparative study of blood pressure and body composition on Ginbot 20 General 3 Secondary School of Geography and Health and Physical Education teachers.

Sample Size and Sampling Techniques
The sample size of the study was determined by target population about 107Ginbot 20 General and Secondary School teachers. The researcher had selected 7 male and 1 female total 8 Geography teachers, 5 male and 1 female total 6 health and physical education teachers participated. From 8 Geography teachers 8(100%) are participated and from total of 6 health and physical education teachers 6(100%) teachers are participated. In order to select sample from the target population, the researcher adapted purposive sampling strategies to participate in the questionnaires and experimental testing. Purposive sampling used to collect concret evidences for measuring blood pressure and body composition of the participants. The target population of geography and health and physical education teachers all of 12 male and 2 female total of 14 (100%) teachers were participated. To measure the blood pressure stethoscope and sphygmomanometer, skin-fold caliper was used to measure the body fat and digital weighing machine was used to measure the body weight.

Data Collection Tools
The data was collected on blood pressure and body composition of Ginbot 20 General Secondary and Preparatory School Geography, Health and Physical Education Teachers. To measure the blood pressure the researcher used Stethoscope and sphygmomanometer .Also used digital weighing machine used to measure the participant's bodyweight. Questionnaire:-was employed to generate both qualitative and quantitative data relevant to the demographic, social and economic characteristics of the sample population. For this purpose, the questionnaire was designed comprising of close-ended and open ended questions. There were 14 respondents involved in this questionnaire. The questionnaire was also prepared in English language the researcher expected to understand the concept of questionnaires because of they are in degree and masters level. Out of the total questionnaires distributed to the target population, all (100%) i.e. 12 male respondents and 2 female respondents were returned. The researcher used questionnaires because of the following reasons:- It allows enough time to think.  It gives freedom for the respondents.  It enables to collect truth information about the problem. Experimental testing: was employed to generate quantitative data relevant from the target population. There were 14 target populations involved in this experimental testing. In the experimental test the researcher used stethoscope and sphygmomanometer.

Data Collection Procedures
In this research investigated a comparative study of blood pressure and body composition between Geography and Health and Physical Education Teachers of Ginbot 20 General Secondary and Preparatory school. Close ended questionnaires were prepared and distributed the respondents to select their answers as a form of to choose best answer. In the experimental testing the researcher Measure respondents weight, height, body fat, blood pressure and body composition by using scientific instruments in stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, digital weight machine, , height measurement machine.

Blood Pressure Measurement Procedures
A fully automated blood pressure monitor using digital sphygmomanometer method was used (Omron Automatic Digital Blood Pressure Monitor (endorsed by the American Heart Association, model no. HEM 713C. Blood pressure was recorded in mmHg from the patients' arm, in sitting position. Measurements were taken twice and a mean value was computed. Hypertension was defined by a systolic BP≥140 mmHg and/or, diastolic BP≥90 mmHg. Anthropometry and body composition Body weight, and height, was measured using standard methods. [23] Weight was measured on subjects dressed in their normal underclothes with no shoes or objects in their pockets. The measure was taken using a digital scale with a precision of 100 grams. Height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm; with the subjects bare footed, standing with their backs to a stadiometer. All measurements were done twice. If the difference between the two first measurements was greater than 0.5 kg for body weight, 1.0 cm for height, a third measurement was done and the two closest measurements were used. The mean of each measure was calculated. BMI was computed as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m 2 ). Overweight was defined as a BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 and obesity as a BMI equal or greater than 30.0 kg/m 2 .

Data Analysis Techniques
The collected data from different sources by using different instruments were classified, organized, and interpreted by using descriptive statistics such as tables and percentages to give a digested picture of the data. Accordingly, the summarized data from the structured questionnaire were analyzed in line with the theoretical frame work and the objective of the research to arrive at a meaningful conclusion. In similar ways, information generated from scientific measurements was analyzed by using quantitative techniques.

Demographic characteristics of the Respondents
Based on the responses obtained from Ginbot 20 General Secondary And preparatory School Geography and Health and Physical Education Teachers. The characteristics of the study groups were examined in terms of their sex, age, marital status, and educational qualification. Based on the above table the following evidences are occurred .From 8 Geography teachers, 7 (87.5%) are male teachers, 1(12.5%) was female teacher. From 6 Health and Physical Education teachers 5(83.3%) were male teachers and 1(16.7%) of the female teacher. Age level of the respondents 3(37.5%) male and1 (12.5%) female teachers were between 26-30 years old, 3(37.5%) were between 31-35 years old, 1(12.5%) of them above 35 years old. Age level of health and physical education teachers 1 (16.7%) male teacher was between 20-25 years old, 3 (50%) males and 1(16.7%) female teachers found between 26-30 years old and 3(50%) male teachers found between 31-35 years old.
Educational Qualification of the respondents was the following. Educational qualification of Geography teachers were, 4(50%) male and 1(12.5%) female teachers have Bachelor's Degree qualification, 3(37.5%) male teachers were Master's Degree Educational level. Educational level of Health and Physical Education teachers were, 5(83.3%) male and 1(16.7%) female teachers have Degree educational Qualification.
Based on the above data Most of Geography and Health and Physical teachers were males, 7(87.5%) Geography and 5(83.3%) health and physical education teachers were males. Most of Geography teachers, 4(50%) and 4(66.7) health and physical education teachers found between 26-30 years old.6 (75%) Geography teachers were married, 4(66.7%) health and physical education teachers were single. Educational Qualification of Geography teachers were, 5(62.5%) Degree and 6(100%) health and physical Education teachers have Bachelor Degree.

Results of Blood Pressure
Stethoscope is a medical instrument used for listening to sounds produced within the body, often combined with a sphygmomanometer. The researcher used blood pressure apparatus stethoscope ,product of America ,model No 15578 .Based on the instrument result the healthy person should expressed 120 systolic and 80 diastolic. The screen displayed the systolic, and diastolic blood pressures, and the heart rate (in beats per minute). The blood pressure of every subject was subsequently recorded in the Raw Data Sheet. For each subject, two measurements were taken on the right arm with at least a minute interval and the average of the readings was recorded; systolic pressure over diastolic pressure in millimeters of mercury. Based on table 4.3.1, 2(25%) Geography teachers should have 120millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) ,(systolic: 16kpa) and 80 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)(diastolic:10kpa). But mean value of 4(50%) Geography teachers expressed the laboratory test show that above 120/80 means that 125.5/85.5millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), 2(25%) Geography teachers blood pressure show that they have below 120/80(systolic and diastolic i.e. 117.5/77.5millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) .
The Blood pressure of Health and Physical Education teachers also measured by the blood pressure Stethoscope. The mean value shows that 5(83.3%) teachers result expressed that their systolic and diastolic relation was 120/80,1(16.7%) millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) shows that the teacher has above 120/80 it was 123/83 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), (123 systolic and 83 diastolic).
From all participants the test shows that, 7(50%) respondents blood pressure shows that they have 120/80(120 systolic, 80 diastolic)( systolic 16kpa,diastolic 10kpa),5(35.7%) respondents blood pressure expressed above 120/80 the mean value shows that 124/84millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). 2(14.2%) respondents blood pressure mean value showed that they have below 120/80 it was 117/77millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). We concluded that blood pressure has direct relationship with the daily physical exercise. An individual conducted physical exercise to create normal blood pressure it was 120/80 systolic and diastolic. It also affected the health of these teachers.

Results of Body Mass Index
Weight and height were measured separately and used to determine the body mass Index. The body weight of the target samples were measured in light indoor clothing, without shoes, overcoat, hat, hair braids, or handsets using a bathroom weighing scale. Body mass index (BMI) was determined by dividing weight (wt) in kilogram's (kg) by height (ht) in square meter (m 2 ) as in the following formula:-BMI = wt (kg)/ht (m 2 ) We can understand most of the geography teachers did not participated in physical exercise and affected by Obesity and health problems. From the above experimental test the health and physical education teachers are participated and the results are concluded the following. From 5 male and 1 female total 8 health and physical education teachers, all 6(100%) teachers has Good Body Mass Index(BMI) .We understand that these physical education teachers actively participated in physical fitness exercises. So the participation in the physical exercise they created good relationship blood pressure and body composition.

Conclusion
Based on the results of the study, the researcher has found the following major problems, most of which are Geography teachers and Health and Physical Education teachers related, which have to be revised straight away. Based on the findings and in view of the limitations, the study therefore confirmed that: (i) As systolic blood pressure increased, diastolic blood pressure also increased. (ii) As body mass index increased, waist circumference and arterial blood pressure also increased. Therefore