Immunonohistochemical Detection of Gram Positive Bacterial LTA Associated with Urinary Tract Infection among Urinary Bladder Cancer Patients

Abstract

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), and their complications, cause serious health problems, which affect millions ofpeoples every year, Many researchers isolated pathogenes causing UTIs and some studies investigated the roleof such infections as a risk factor for Urinary Bladder Cancer (UBC). Although, such studies confirmed thatUTIs are mainly caused by gram negative bacteria with 60-70% of them caused by Escherichia coli (E.coli),and for less extent group B Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. However, few of them focused ondetection of some important gram positive bacteria associated with UTIs specially among immunocompramisedpatients including UBC patients. In our study we tried to investigate the association and the severty of theseinfections among forty eight UBC patients and twenty control group of non-UBC patients. In the current studyIHC technique was used for detection of S. pneumoniae, L. monocytogenes (all serotypes), B. cereus and B.subtilis within the tissue using specific antibody targeting gram positive lipotichoic acid. Immunohistochemistrytest showed 39.71% positive results, 55.56% of them were for UBC and 51.85% of them were for male. sixtypercent of those patients showed sever infection with more than 6 microscopical fields with ≥10 bacterialcells/one field. (30.56%) of UBC cases showed appearance of diplococci bacteria, Gram positive cocci recorded41.67% and Gram positive bacilli cells were the third rate in our study 27.78% . In conclusion, using of IHCtechnique in diagnosing bacteria associated with UTI is very usefull method and can reflect the true picture forthe infection within the tissue comparing to other techniques. S. pneumoniae, L. monocytogenes (all serotypes),B. cereus and B. subtilis should be considered as UTI causal agents, it is important to be aware of this unlistedemerging pathogens specifically because they are a way from their specific site of infection and it can be morevirulent. Those are important gram positive pathogens and have a significant virulance through being in contactwith human being life. The high recurrence rates of UTIs and increasing antimicrobial resistance amonguropathogens require further detection for some pathogens that have not been considered as a causal agents forreducing the threaten and the greatly increasing economic burden of these infections.Keywords: Urinary tract infection, immnunohistochimestry, Listeria, Streptococcus pneumoniae