Effect of Dual Surface Activation on the Surface Roughness of Titanium Dental Implant

Abstract

Titanium is the most prevalent material for use in dental implants because of its mechanical properties and intrinsic osteoconductivity. In dental implant, the surface treatment is used to modify surface topography resulting in an improved biocompatibility. In this research surface activation were used for commercial pure Ti alloys manufactured by two different methods; the first method involved the use of commercial pure titanium rod converted to form implant screw by using wire cut machine and lathe. The second method included the use of powder technology for producing the implant screws. Then dual surface treatments were used for samples in two treatment stages. A primary treatment  used to prepare the surface for subsequent treatment which involves acid and alkali etching. The second surface activation treatment process were employed; ulrasonic surface treatment, Nd:YAG laser pulses . The  characterization of samples  before and after surface treatment procedure have been done to examine implant samples in terms of the best surface treatment method which produced the preferable surface properties .The characterization included ; microstructure observation, surface chemical composition analysis(EDS) , surface roughness (AFM) , ion release analysis. From microstructure observation The use of dual chemical treatment (HCl and NaOH etching ) as primary treatment resulted in a change in the surface topography by the formation of sodium titanate hydro gel layer. The surface topography was displayed by Atomic-force microscopy (AFM). From the master group, the powder technology process produced samples with high surface roughness compared with machining process. While there was a large decrease in roughness of samples treated primarily by the acid and alkaline etching. After laser treatment, all samples had the same response to laser irradiation and slight differences in roughness were observed. From the results of ion release analysis, it was found that all samples in all groups had similar ion release behavior when the samples immersed in Hank's solution for seven days. It was observed that the release of Ti ion rose in first three days and after that it began to stabilize.

Keywords: Surface Activation, Surface Roughness Dental Implant