Soil Erosion Estimation and Watershed Prioritization in Kulfo Watershed, Ethiopia

Abstract

Soil loss by runoff is a severe and continuous environmental and infrastructural problem in Kulfo watershed. Deforestation and improper cultivation have resulted in accelerated soil erosion.  Information on soil loss is essential to support agricultural productivity and watershed management. Thus, study was aimed to estimate and map the soil loss by using GIS and RUSLE techniques raster format in GIS environment. Topographic map of 1:250,000 scale. Aster Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of 30 m spatial resolution. Digital soil map of 1:250.000 scales, fifteen years rainfall records of six stations nearby watershed and land sat imagery (ETM+) with spatial resolution of 30m were used to derive RUSLE's soil loss parameter. The RUSLE parameters were analyzed and superimposed using raster calculator in the geo-processing tools in ArcGIS10.2 environment to estimate and map the annual soil loss of the study area. The result showed that the mean annual soil loss of the watershed range from none significant (0 tons ha^-1y^-1) to highly sever (253.38 ton ha^-1y^-1). The mean annual soil loss of the whole watershed was 88.57 tons ha^-1y^-1. The total annual soil loss in the watershed was 3,862,077 ton per year from 39900 ha of land. The soil erosion affected is spatially situated in the upper steepest slope part and middle part of the watershed. This area where acrisols with high soil Erodibility character are dominant  Hence, Slope gradient and length followed by soil Erodibility factors were found to be the main factors of soil erosion .The morphological character also the determinant factor for soil and water conservation practice. Thus, sustainable soil and water conservation practices should be adopted in the most sever area of the watershed.

Keywords: Geographical Information System, Erosion, RUSLE, watershed prioritization

DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/10-1-01

Publication date: January 31^st 2020