Efficiency of Poultry Production in District Quetta Balochistan Pakistan

This study was carried out by considering the importance of production of poultry farming in Balochistan Pakistan. The results showed there were 45.00 percent of the respondents farmers were rearing poultry birds on small scale 2000 birds , 33.34 percent of farmers were on the range 2001 to 4000 birds and 21.66 percent respondents were heaving up to 4000 birds on at their farms. Thus the selected poultry farmers on average per farm spent a total cost of production of Rs.551350.00. This included Rs.48000.00, Rs. 71350.00, Rs.157000.00, Rs.125000.00 and Rs.150000.00 on Farm rent/cost, Equipment Expenditure of farm, Expenditures Rearing, Labour charges and marketing costs respectively on capital inputs. The results of the return analysis indicated that production were an average per farm earned of Rs.960600.00 that included for Rs. 939600.00 on Sale of 900 birds weighing 1.5 kg each and Rs. 21000.00 sale of poultry manure obtained by the farmers of poultry. It’s the result cleared from the table that each poultry farmer on an average per farm earned during study, Rs.409250.00 on net income, Rs.960600.00 on gross income and Rs. 551350.00 on total expenditure in the study area. The selected poultry farmers on an average per farm earned Rs. 960600.00non the inputs at Rs. 551350.00 in study area. The cost benefit ratio of the farming of poultry at 1:0.74 it means that the poultry farmers obtained Rs. 0.74 on each rupee invested by them in the study area.


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The poultry meat is the fastest growing component of global meet demand. The poultry sector growth is being driven by rising incomes, together with the emergence of vertically integrated poultry producers that have reduced consumer prices by lowering production and marketing costs. Integrated production by way of combining breeding, feed milling, contract rearing; a market transition from live birds to chilled and frozen products; and policies that help ensure supplies of competitively priced domestic or imported com and soybeans are keys to future poultry industry growth in India and in other developing countries (USDA, 2005) .
The poultry industry is providing job opportunities to more and more people. Chicken meat production is playing effective role in decreasing the gap of the animal protein availability and its requirement. The present study was therefore carried out to investigate the influence of various feed forms on production of broilers.

Objectives
1. To review present status of poultry production in Balochistan Pakistan.
2. To find out socioeconomic factors of poultry farmers in District Quetta. 3. To determine production costs, physical productivity and net return of poultry farms in Study area. 4. To identify the issues and suggest the policy measures for of poultry farms production.

Methodology
The study was carried out to investigate the production of poultry farming in Quetta district of Baluchistan province. The study focused on the production of poultry of poultry farming. Economics of production actually plays an important role in the production. It helps the farmers to use their available resources in a most efficient and profitable manner. It enables them to look into the various factors and to make adjustments in to get maximum returns and to minimize costs.

Estimation of Farm inputs
Farm resource utilization is the central to all discussions related to farm. It includes the study of farm resources, which contribute to both individual and society. The economic aspects of land resources utilization involve the objective of maximizing the net value of product, when land is used in combination with other resource. The farm on sample farms was not perfectly homogenous. It varies in its inherent characteristics of productivity. Therefore farm inputs were aggregated on the basis of unit (farm) under poultry at the selected farms. Climate offers equal opportunity to all farmers in the farms and hence it may have very insignificant effect on the comparison of efficiency of farm resources. The estimating farm inputs for poultry farming on the sample farms, the following formula was used: Fip=(Fs x Fr) + (Fs x Re) Fs Where, Fip = Farm input per unit of poultry Fr = Farm rent per unit Re = Rate of electricity charges Fs = Farm size Estimation of labour cost To compute labour costs used in the farming of poultry, labour engaged, number of days worked, wage rate paid per man per day employed along with working man and wage rate paid were investigated each farming carried out on the sample farms. In poultry farming were estimated by applying the following formula. Lip=(Mn x Hc) + (Mwd x Wr) / Fs Where Lip=Labour input per in poultry farm Mn=Machine work hour Hc=Hiring charges Mwd= Man work days Wr=Wage rate Fs = Farm size

Measurement of capital inputs
To compute the cost of production incurred by farmers on capital inputs and the items such as Chicken Hatchery, food, Spray chemicals, Fumigation etc. The quantities of these inputs used by farmers of poultry farming and the prices at which the inputs were purchased or acquired were investigated. The following formula was evolved to compute per unit cost on these inputs. Cpu= (Qh x Pr) + (Qf + Pr) + (Qc x Pr) / Fs Where Cpu=Capital inputs per unit of poultry Qh=Quantity of Hatchery Pr=Price per unit of inputs Qf=Quantity of food Qc=Quantity of Spray chemicals, Fumigation Fs = Farm size Estimation of returns While the produce retained by farmers for their home consumption was valued at prices prevailing in the area. The quantity of poultry marketed by the farmers was timed with prices they received at the time of disposal by using following formula: P = Output price at wholesale level C = Cost per unit produced Q = Output of broiler or total live body weight TC = Total cost of production. Ip = Input prices

Results
This study is based on primary data, which was collected from poultry farmers in district Quetta Balochistan. The study is described into three subsections:  Table-1 shows the distributions of the respondents with the percent of poultry farmer age group. In age group of 21-30 years, 20.00 percent, 31-40 years, 30.00 percent, 41-50 years, 31.66 percent of poultry farmer age group. With more than 50 years old farmers, the percentage of poultry farmer age group 18.34 percent.   Table-3 shows about the family size of the respondent. Their family size of 5-10 members and they had 46.66 percent of the poultry farmer 11-15 Members and they had 38.34 percent of the poultry farmer and more than 15 Members they had 15.00 percent of the poultry farmer.   Table-4 shows relationship between farming experience of poultry farmer. The respondents having farming experience of up to 10 years; they had 13.34 percent, 11-20 years of farming experience had 41.66 percent,21-30 years of farming experience possessed 25.00 percent of poultry farming. Similarly, farmers with more than 30 years of farming experience had 20.00 percent of poultry farming.  Table-6 shows about the respondents were categorized in four different categories on the basis of hygienic conditions on their poultry farms. That 33.34 percent farmer is rearing birds in good hygienic condition, 51.66 percent in satisfactory, 15.00 percent in poor hygienic condition.  Table-7 shows that 51.66 percent poultry farmers spray chemicals for disinfection purpose. It also presents that 38.34 percent farmers used to fumigate for disinfection purpose. It was also reported that 10.00 percent farmers do not exercise any such practice to disinfect their farm.  48000.00 Table-shows that on an average per Farm rent farmer spent a sum of Rs. 48000.  157000.00 Table-11 shows that on an average per expenditures rearing of poultry farm spent a sum of Rs. 157000.00 in study area.  Table-l2 shows that Rs 125000.00 on an average per farm poultry farmer spent labour cost of production. This included Rs. 12000.00 on Supervision (weekly visit), Feedings Rs. 25000.00, Cleaning Rs. 25000.00, Watchmen Rs. 25000.00, Drinkers Rs. 25000.00 and spraying (weekly spray) Rs. 13000.00 respectively in the study area. 150000.00 Table-13 shows that each selected poultry farmers in study area on average per farm spent a sum of Rs. 150000.00. This included Rs. 35000.00 for loading, Rs. 80000.00 for transportation and Rs. 35000.00 of unloading. 551350.00 Table-14 showed that the selected poultry farmers in study area on average per farm spent a total cost of production of Rs.551350.00. This included Rs.48000.00, Rs. 71350.00, Rs.157000.00, Rs.125000.00 and Rs.150000.00 on Farm rent/cost, Equipment Expenditure of farm, Expenditures Rearing, Labour charges and marketing costs respectively on capital inputs. 960600.00 Table-15 shows that the each selected poultry farmer in study area on an average per farm earned of Rs.960600.00 that included for Rs. 939600.00 on Sale of 900 birds weighing 1.5 kg each and Rs. 21000.00 sale of poultry manure obtained by the farmers of poultry.  Table-17 show that the selected poultry farmers on an average per farm earned Rs. 960600.00non the inputs at Rs. 551350.00 in study area. Therefore they availed input output ratio of 1:1:74 from poultry farming in the study area; it means that with the investment of Rs.1.00 in poultry enterprises they yielded Rs. 1.74 in the study area.  Table -18 shows that the cost benefit ratio of the farming of poultry at 1:0.74 it means that the poultry farmers obtained Rs. 0.74 on each rupee invested by them in the study area.

Conclusion and suggestions
The study on "Economic analysis of poultry production in district Quetta Balochistan" revealed that broiler production is remunerative and offers full scope for employment generation when it is operated on a large scale. The economic analysis in terms of cost and returns, Net Present value (NPV), Benefit-cost ratio (BCR) indicated that the broiler farming is economically viable. It was also concluded that broiler farms are give higher yields. There is also a great scope for broiler industry's development on a large scale as there is huge domestic and foreign demand for broilers. Broilers can also become an important source of foreign exchange earner. The poultry sector is dependent on external sources in the terms of brood. In addition, investments in manufacturing mentioned products in Balochistan should be encouraged.
Following suggestions have been made keeping in view the problem, related to production and marketing of broilers faced by the producers of the study area.
 The poultry farmers should increase the farm size of their business as they can get the more profit of scale.  An input was the major cost of production of poultry so, it is recommended to have proper management to increase the income.  High yielding breeds of poultry birds should be made available to poultry farmer through modern breeding techniques.  The concerned department should come forward to train poultry farmers on up-keeping their flock on scientific lines.  More farmers should be motivated to venture in this trade as broiler production is having high economic returns.  Marketing of broilers through proper channels needs to be encouraged.  Export facilities for broilers need to be strengthened as there is great demand of dressed broiler in Gulf countries.  Creation of broiler marketing board, which can take care of both, marketing of output as well as timely supply of inputs.  An extension activity needs to be strengthened, so as to guide the poultry farmers about latest happenings around the world related to poultry industry.