Clustering Analysis of Morphological and Phenological Data in Einkorn and Emmer Wheats Collected from Kastamonu Region

Abstract

Wheat is one of the fundamental foods in human and animal nutrition. In terms of sustainable agriculture and nutrition of rising world population, it is important to increase of some characters such as yield in wheat. In this study, 9 emmer (T. dicoccum) and 12 einkorn (T. monococcum) populations from hulled wheats, 4 durum (T. durum L.) and 1 bread (T. aestivum L.) registered varieties were used. The research was conducted to investigate effects on some quality characteristics spring sowing time of 26 wheat genotypes in Kayseri conditions in 2012. This genotypes were examined for grain number in spike, spike yield, plant yield, biological yield, harvest index, spike time, ripening time, 1000 kernel weight, waxiness, growth habitus, hulled, ear color, hairiness and protein content. Correlation coefficients of the investigated properties were determined and principal components analysis (PCA) was performed. Genotypes were divided into 3 clusters by Biplot analysis according to the relationship between the characters examined. The first principal component (PC1) contributed 48.52% of total variation with plant yield. In the same way, PC3 and PC4 showed 23.55 and 9.90% of total variation having highest contribution hairness and spike yield, respectively. In hierarchical clustering, genotypes were evaluated in 6 groups. As result of, kastamonu3 from emmer and kastamonu20 from einkorn have the highest protein content. Morever, kastamonu17 (emmer) and kastamonu11 (einkorn) were determined to have the highest value in terms of plant yield and spike yield. The genotypes identified as a result of the study were selected for use as breeding material.

Keywords: Einkorn, emmer, PCA, biplot, clusterin

DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/5-11-05