Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Associated Genes

Abstract

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the most common occupational disease in the world and is the second most important cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Genetic and environmental factors are effective in the emergence of the disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) have classified NIHL as a research priority group. In this review, it is aimed to reveal the role of genetic variations and gene expression changes associated with susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss in susceptibility to noise exposure. It can be said that genetic variations in heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), catalase (CAT), Cadherin-23 (CDH23), Potassium Voltage Gated Channel Subfamily E Regulatory Subunit 1 (KCNE1) genes are associated with the risk of NIHL. Oxidative stress genes, inner ear potassium recycle pathway genes and monogenic hearing loss genes are accepted as candidate genes as genetic factors in NIHL. Individuals exposed to noise and at higher risk of developing NIHL are exposed to other environmental factors that interact with possible NIHL genes. More frequent use of high-throughput genotyping methods will allow the detection of multiple SNPs in a single sequence, making it possible to identify new NIHL susceptibility genes. This includes identifying individuals at high risk of developing NIHL and providing better hearing protection for susceptible individuals for noise-induced hearing loss. Thus, it could allow the development of genetic tests to help personalize treatment.

Keywords: GBİK, occupational disease, genetic variations

Special Issue of Health Sciences

DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/7-08-07