International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JSTR
<span id="docs-internal-guid-1840996b-b32a-2887-8a1c-e13064089e98"><p dir="ltr"><span>International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research</span><span> is a peer reviewed journal. The journal publishes original research articles as well as review articles in all areas of scientific and technological research studies, including but not limited to,</span></p><ol><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><span>The scientific method, engineering sciences, mathematics and formal sciences, basic and applied research, scientific impact of research, science community and society.</span></p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><span>Emerging technology, economics of technology, evaluations of the impact of technologies, technology and society.</span></p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><span>Interdisciplinary research files related to science and technology. The online version is freely accessible and downloadable.</span></p></li></ol><p dir="ltr"><span>The journal is managed by the Editorial Board of the journal and is technically supported under the hosting platform. The journal is published in online version. </span><span>Language of the articles can be Turkish (</span><span>including an English title, author/ affiliation information and abstract</span><span>) or English. </span><span>The online version is freely accessible and downloadable.</span></p><p dir="ltr"><span> </span></p><span>ISSN (online): 2422-8702</span></span><p><strong>The journal is indexed by Leuphana Universität Lüneburg Germany, Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology and University Library, German National Library of Science and Technology, Open Academic Journals Index, Google Scholar, The Library Book, India Ciros Hi-Tech, Engineering Group, Research Junction, Heidelberg University Library, ULI Foundation, StudyLIB, Global Impact Factor: 0.787, Scientific Journals EU, CiteSeerx Scientific Literature Digital Library, Universität Vechta. Under review by Scopus and ISI Web of Knowledge.</strong></p><p><strong><span>IISTE is a member of CrossRef. The DOI of the journal is: </span><a href="https://doi.org/10.7176/JSTR" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.7176/JSTR</a></strong></p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>JSTR charges a fee - regardless of acceptance / rejection - when submitting an article.<br /></strong></p>en-USInternational Journal of Scientific and Technological ResearchInvestigation of the Effects of MK-801 on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Ghrelin Levels in Brain Tissue in Convulsions Caused by Scopolamine Administration and Feeding in Starving Mice
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JSTR/article/view/57905
<p>In this study, the effect of MK-801, one of the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, on convulsions that occurred in mice that were given scopolamine and then fed experimentally after 48 hours of fasting was investigated. In our study, 36 Balb/C adult male mice weighing 25-30 g were used. Mice were randomly selected and divided into 6 groups. These are control, scopolamine (3 mg/kg/i.p.), low dose MK-801 (0.17 mg/kg/i.p.), high dose MK-801 (0.51 mg/kg/i.p.), scopolamine + low dose MK- 801 and scopolamine+ high dose MK-801 groups. After the injections, the animals in all groups were taken to the monitoring cages and fed 20 minutes after the injections. Convulsion onset times and severity of animals in all groups were measured. At the end of the follow-up period, animals in all groups, including the control group, were sacrificed under anesthesia with ketamine (50 g/kg/i.p.) and xylazine (10 mg/kg/i.p.), their blood was drawn and brain tissues were isolated. Blood ghrelin levels of all animals and some oxidative stress and inflammation markers and ghrelin levels in brain tissue were measured. Analysis of the study was done using SPSS v16.0 statistical program. The statistical significance level was taken as p<0.05 in the calculations. It was observed that scopolamine administration caused a decrease in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and ghrelin levels, and increased protein oxidation and inflammatory response. MK-801 treatment has been found to both delay the incidence of convulsions and suppress oxidative stress and inflammation (p<0.05). We think that these effects of MK-801 are due to the increased ghrelin level, as the application of MK-801 also causes an increase in the level of ghrelin.</p><p>Keywords: Convulsion, Scopolamine, MK-801, Oxidative Stress, Ghrelin</p><p>DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/7-10-01</p>Mehmet BerkozYakup AkkusOruc Yunusoglu7A Research on the Determination of the Botanical Composition of the High Altitudes of Anzer Region (Ikizdere-RIZE)
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JSTR/article/view/57906
<p>This study was carried out in 2020 at the pasture areas of high altitudes of the Anzer region in İkizdere district of Rize province of Turkey. In the study, canopy coverage area, botanical composition, pasture quality degree and pasture condition parameters were studied. The vegetation study was carried out in June, when the vegetation reached the climax phase. The vegetation characters of the research area were determined using the "Lup" method. In the research area, 45 taxa belonging to 21 families were identified. Taxa numbers of families; Poaceae (5), Fabaceae (3), Apiaceae (1), Asteraceae (9), Boraginaceae (2), Brassicaceae (1), Caryophyllaceae (3), Crassulaceae (1), Compositae (1), Cyperaceae (1), Gentianaceae (2), Geraniaceae (1 ), Hypericaceae (1), Lamiaceae (2), Liliaceae (1), Onagraceae (1), Orabanchaceae (2), Plantaginaceae (1), Polygonaceae (2), Primulaceae (1), Rosaceae (3) and Urticaceae (1). The canopy coverage rate of pasture area was determined as 72.00%. The botanical composition of the study area was determined as Poaceae 26.32%, Fabaceae 8.92% and other families 64.76%. With a pasture quality degree of 1.95, the condition of the pasture was determined as "Very Weak".</p><p>Keywords: Botanical composition, canopy coverage, Rize, Anzer region</p><p>DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/7-10-02</p>Adil BakogluHuseyin BaykalMuhammed Ikbal Catal7The Effect of Insemination Time, Season and Insemination Method on Calf Gender in Holstein Cattle
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JSTR/article/view/57907
<p>The aim of this article is to determine the effect of insemination time, season and insemination method on calf gender in cattle. In the study, 792 records of inseminations and calving data between 2010-2019 were evaluated. The onset of estrus was determined based on mounting behavior. Inseminations were carried out between 0-6, 6-12, 12-18 hours after the onset of estrus. At the same time, inseminations were evaluated according to the seasons. Of the inseminations, 582 were artificial insemination and 210 were natural insemination. While insemination time and insemination method had no effect on calf gender, seasonal effect was found to be significant.</p><p>Keywords: Holstein, Insemination Time, Gender</p><p>DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/7-10-03</p>Gokhan GokceG. Tamer KayaalpSerap Goncu7Thermo-economic Analysis of Gas Engine Combined Heating and Power System
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JSTR/article/view/57908
<p>Industrial combined heat-power systems are to obtain electric and steam from the same gas engine using a single type of fuel. In the combined heating and power systems, the cooling cycle is also used. In this study, low cost and high profitability heating and power system were established in an industrial process and economically evaluated. The energy expenses of the plant were calculated; the cogeneration system is designed and has been activated. The electricity, heating energy amounts obtained by the cogeneration system were determined. The economic analysis of the system's input values and the economic analysis of the output values were made comparatively and the first investment payback period has been calculated. Both systems have been found to be profitable for the process but the repayment period was different. The efficiency of the first system was 90.78% and the payback period was 3,007 years, the efficiency of the second system was 90.74% and the payback period was 2,671 years.</p><p>Keywords: Gas Engine, Combined Heating and Power, Economic Analysis</p><p>DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/7-10-04</p>Muharrem ImalAyse Kubra Paksoy7Restorative Dental Treatment Approach on an Anorexia Nervosa Patient: A Case Report
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JSTR/article/view/57909
<p>Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are psychiatric diseases that usually affect women between the ages of 13 and 20, with frequent recurrences of vomiting and disrupt the physiological development process, may even result in death, so early diagnosis and treatment are very important. A multidisciplinary approach is required for the diagnosis, treatment and follow up of the diseases. In these patients, due to vomiting attacks, tooth erosion, defined as chemical dissolution of tooth tissue without bacteria or loss of substance in non carious tooth hard tissues, can be seen. Although erosive lesions are usually first seen on the palatal surfaces of the maxillary incisors and first molars, they can adversely affect all hard and soft tissues in the mouth. In this case report, the systemic and dental effects of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa were discussed and the dental treatment process of a patient diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa was examined.</p><p>Keywords: Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, erosion, cervical lesion without caries</p><p>DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/7-10-05</p>Oyun-Erdene BatgerelMustafa Alp BoyanaEmine KitinOktay Yazicioglu7Sustainable Improvement of Residual Lateritic Soils Using Alum
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JSTR/article/view/57910
<p>Cement stabilization has gained popularity in the tropics despite its known side effects. In Nigeria, a developing nation for instance, high cost and negative environmental impacts accompanying the use of cement constitute major drawbacks raising concerns. These shortcomings often make more sustainable alternatives necessary in a depressed economy. The current study explores the effects of alum on swelling potentials and strength of fine grained Nigerian lateritic soils with a view to ascertaining the viability of the additive as cost effective, eco friendly and sustainable substitute for improving engineering properties of the soils as highway embankment or pavement materials. Particle size analysis and Atterberg limits tests conducted according to British Standards (BS 1377) and ASTM D4318 respectively, aided in AASHTO classification of the un treated soils as A 6 (clayey soil), A 4 (silty soil) and A 7 5 (clayey soil). These are poor to fair subgrade materials requiring stabilization. Similarly, high amounts of fines in the natural soils suggest susceptibility to recurring shrink and swell during alternating dry and wet seasons typical of tropical regions. However, alum treated soils show reduction in plasticity with strong negative correlations. This implies reduction in swelling potentials and improvement in strength with alum treatment. Also, California bearing ratio (CBR) and shear strength, which followed the British Standards indicate strong positive correlations with alum content for the granite and charnockite derived soils. This indicates improved strength. Generally, the results suggest that alum has the potential to improve plastic fine grained lateritic soils in line with the Federal Ministry of Works and Housing general specification for roads and bridges, with combined engineering, economic and environmental benefits.</p><p>Keywords: Additive, cement, embankment, highway, subgrade, soil stabilization, swelling soils</p><p>DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/7-10-06</p>Joshua Oluwasanmi OwoseniOlabode O. Olofinyo7The Relationship between Protein Consumption and Abdominal Obesity
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JSTR/article/view/57911
<p>Objective: Protein intake of obese individuals; It was aimed to investigate anthropometric measurements such as body weight, waist circumference, BMI and their effects on body fat muscle composition. Method: This study was carried out with 125 obese individuals aged between 19 65 who did not have any chronic diseases and participated in the study voluntarily. The questionnaire used in the study consisted of five parts, including personal information, general diet, anthropometric measurements, frequency of food consumption and 24 hour food consumption record. Body Mass Index was used to identify obese individuals. The Nutrition Information Systems Package Program (BEBIS 8.2) was used to evaluate the nutritional status, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0 program was used to analyze the statistical data. Results: It was determined that there were statistically significant and negative correlations between the daily protein (%) intake of obese individuals and the values of Body Weight, BMI, Body Fat Percentage, Waist Circumference and Waist/Hip circumference (p<0.05). In addition, a statistically significant and positive correlation was found between the daily protein (%) intake of obese individuals and the Body Muscle Percentage values (p<0.05). Conclusion: As the daily protein (%) intake of obese individuals increases, Body Weight, BMI, Body Fat Percentage, Waist Circumference and Waist/Hip circumference values decrease, and as daily protein (%) intake increases, Body Muscle Percentage values increase. Positive effects were detected in anthropometric measurements with increasing protein amount.</p><p>Keywords: Obesity, Protein, Anthropometric measurement</p><p>DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/7-10-07</p>Duygu KayarNazal Bardak Percinci7Clinicopathological Evaluation of Appendicitis
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JSTR/article/view/57912
<p>Acute appendicitis, most common acute requiring surgery. It is the cause of abdominal pain and appendectomy is the first of the emergency operations all over the World gets. Obstruction is the most common cause of acute appendicitis. The factors causing obstruction are fecalites, foreign body, gallbladder stone, cecum tumor or it may be a primary tumor of the appendix. In this review article, we aimed to create a resource by bringing together the clinical and pathological features of appendicitis cases.</p><p>Keywords: Acute appendicitis, acute surgery, appendectomy</p><p>DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/7-10-08</p>Hatice BeserenGulden YildizTulay Diken Allahverdi7An Analysis of the Studies on Self-Efficacy in Mathematics Education in Turkey
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JSTR/article/view/57913
<p>The purpose of the study is to carry out a content analysis of research articles and theses published in Turkey between 2008 2020 on self efficacy in mathematics education and to determine the trends of the mentioned studies. Document analysis were performed on 205 articles. A study classification form developed by Sozbilir, Kutu and Yasar (2012) was used to analyze the articles included in the study. The form consists of five sections: subject area, research patterns, data collection tools, sampling, and data analysis methods. Results show that self efficacy studies were mainly quantitative studies and most of them selected middle school students or preservice teachers as sample. Especially qualitative studies suggested to the researchers.</p><p>Keywords: Mathematics education, self efficacy, document analysis</p><p>DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/7-10-09</p>Oktay ErbayGuler TulukLutfi Incikabi7A Genealogy Ontology Containing Turkish Kinship Terms for Traditional Families
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JSTR/article/view/57914
<p>Today, with the innovations brought by technology, many information, official documents, correspondence, and evaluation data kept in archives have been transferred to digital environment. One of the areas where the digitalization process has started and continues rapidly is population and registry information. However, the existing systems are sometimes insufficient to present the log information clearly. Existing systems used in relevant government institutions and libraries can only present kinship ties in a hierarchical structure due to the lack of necessary infrastructure resources. The family tree created is insufficient to establish parallel relationships. However, it is obvious that in most judicial and institutional cases, it will shed light on the current situation in parallel kinship relations. In addition, existing genealogies are insufficient to reveal semantic patterns between the concepts of family, person, place, time, and event while listing kinship relations. In addition to all these, the existence of cultural differences between nations and the expression of kinship relations with different terms require the definition of a common family tree. In this study, semantic web technologies, ontologies, and related data, which have been widely used in many fields in recent years, are structured to provide a clearer conceptualization of kinship relations. The study also discusses the alignment and reusability of the developed genealogical ontology with upper-level ontologies so that it can be used more broadly.</p><p>Keywords: Genealogical Ontology, Semantic Web Technologies, Linked Data, Protégé, Ontology Methodologies</p><p>DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/7-10-10</p>Mehmet Milli7Studies on Marine Pollution Caused By Litters in the Marmara Sea on the Coast of Turkey
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JSTR/article/view/58313
<p>It is aimed to contribute to the marine litter problem by revealing the main sources of marine litter. In this study, the current situation regarding the marine litter problem in the Marmara Sea has been presented and solutions have been proposed for the problem. Industrial development and population explosion are the roots of pollution in the Marmara Sea. The Marmara Sea hosts the two banks of the Bosphorus and is the home to a metropolis, Istanbul, founded in the North Eastern region of the Sea of Marmara and having the most crowd ed population of Turkey, and is the receiver of industrial and domestic wastes of this metropolis. Solid litters in the seas have land-based and marine origins. Marine litters, originate from waterfronts containing shores, piers, ports, marinas, docks and riverbanks, and regions with internal sources. In order to determine the terrestrial sources of marine litter, waste yards, untreated domestic waste water, the load of waste carried by rivers, industrial and tourism facilities operating near the shoreline must all be mapped out. It is necessary to implement integrated waste management components on marine litter and coastal cleaning and to prevent the current confusion of authority based on this. Studies on the prevention of industrial microplastics at source should be initiated and training activities should be provided for fishermen on the management of ghost nets and the capacity of the system should be developed.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: The marmara Sea, Marine litter, Microplastic, Population,Waste water</p><p><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.7176/JSTR/7-10-11</p>Omer EyubogluHuri Eyuboglu7