The Translatability of Military Expressions by B.A Students at Zarqa University in Jordan

The study aims at investigating the level of Zarqa University students in translating military expressions from English into Arabic and vice versa. Moreover, The study aims to reveal some of the problems that students may encounter while translating military texts and to investigate the Gender effect on the translation of students. The researcher distributed a questionnaire consists of 15 English military expressions and 10 Arabic military expressions. The sample of the study includes 25 B.A students (Male and Female) at the Department of Translation at Zarqa University.The results of the study has shown that Polysemy and Synonymy are the main problems that students encountered while translating military expressions. Furthermore, the study reveals that being male or a female has no effect on the military translation.

operate the weapon. Magableh(2017) points out that the need for military translation emerges from the over-rely of developing countries on importing weapons from the first world countries. Al-Maani (2012) inaccurate translation of technical documents might lead to a serious effect on who depends entirely on the material translated into the TC [Target Culture].
Jalabneh (1991) The study reveal that military translators use more than one method of translation when dealing with military texts. This research also points that military translators focusing on translating the main ideas in the text instead of focusing on literal translation. Jalabneh (1991) points out that the Arab Military Academies have released pamphlets and compiled dictionaries for military terms. This indicates how important it is that we clearly understand military terms and be able to find the most natural and closest equivalence for a certain term. As well as that (Al-shehab 2009) mentioned that it is really important to find new terms for the developed Arab armies, since that they have adapted the structure of their military forces from different Western and Eastern modern armies, he added that Arab language academies worked on finding new terms and translations for the new military terms and jargons, those efforts were carried out by the Academy of the Arab Language in Damascus (1919), the Academy of Arab language in Cairo (1934), the Scientific Academy of Iraq (1948), the Academy of the Arab language in Amman (1980), and the Academy of Bait Al-Hikma in Tunis (1983).
By reviewing related literature studies, the researcher came across many ideas regarding the field of translating military expressions, some studies were concerned with the quality of translating military expressions such as Dr. Mohammad Alshehab research paper (2014), where a sample of MA students were chosen from Yarmouk university to examine the level of students ability to translate military expressions, many other studies were made such as Jalabneh's study (1991), Al-Imian's study (2014) and Magableh (2017).
This subject has been dealt with in the academic field by Al-Shehab (2009); Magableh(2017);Alshishani(2018) they investigated the difficulties encountered while translating military expressions in the Jordanian Academy, with deference's between them, Al-Shehab (2014) has examined Yarmouk University students' ability in translating military expressions from English into Arabic.
Magableh (2017) has examines The Translatability of Military Expressions and Texts from Arabic into English and Vice Versa by Translation Students at Jadara University in Jordan.
Al-Shishan(2018) he had studied problems of translating military expressions that students of Zarqa University encounter while translating, this study was limited by only translating expressions from English into Arabic.
All of those studies and researches enrichened the researcher with ideas and benefited the present research greatly as that it helped understanding military translation.
This study is based on the recommendations suggested by Magableh(2017) calling for further study in this area to investigate the gender impact in military translation ability . This study will be also concerned with examining the difficulties that students Zarqa University encounter while translating military expressions from English into Arabic and vice versa.

Analysis and Discussion
This part of the study focuses mainly on analyzing the data collected by using a questionnaire .The questionnaire was distributed to 4th year translation students at Zarqa private university, the disturbed questionnaire contained different military expressions the students were given this test and were asked to translate it within 20 minutes by using dictionaries, The questionnaire was made of 15 expressions to be translated from English into Arabic, and 10 expressions to be translated from Arabic into English. The sample of the study included 25 Bachelor translation students (Male and Female) for the English into Arabic military translation test, and 20 Bachelor translation students for the Arabic into English translation test. It should be pointed out that the test was reviewed by a military translator and his remarks have been taken into consideration. The table above indicates that the questionnaire mark is out of 15, if the students' scores were within the range of (15 -11.25), the translation is considered approximately equivalent to professional translation, and his/her level is excellent. The expression scores (1) mark if it was excellent translation and it is within the fourth criterion, and if the scores were within the range of (11.24 -7.50) the student level is considered acceptable, and it is within the third criterion, , the expression in this case scores (.75)as a mark. If the expression rendering was partly right it is considered fair and it scores (.50) as a mark. The last criterion which is Unacceptable in this case the translation is completely wrong, so it scores (.25). This study was conducted on a (25) 4th year students. As illustrated in the table above the level of Zarqa University students is: (4×3 +3× 20 +2× 2+ 1×0) 76% which is considered positive, where as 3 students were in the 4 criterion, 20 were in the third, 2 were in the second and non of the students were in criterion no.1.

Answering The first question of this research, what is The level of Zarqa University students in translating military expressions, The percentages of students scores is shown in
surprisingly the level of Zarqa University students in translating military expressions is 76% which is considered a good level, while all the previous related studies as Al-Shehab (2009, 2014), Magableh (2017 indicated that university students abilities in military translation is considered fair.
The following table shows some of the students translation of military expression from English into Arabic.

Students Translation
Suggested Translation 1 " The barracks was surrounded by a high wall" Is translated as: " ‫"ﻣﻌﺴﻜﺮﺍﺕ‬ " ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺜﻜﻨﺎﺕ‬ 2 "We are at the zero hour, so someone has to make a decision" Is translated as: " ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻤﺔ‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ"‬ ‫"ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
In the first example, one of the students translated it into " ‫,"ﻣﻌﺴﻜﺮﺍﺕ‬ which is not acceptable in translating military text, while it is translated as " ‫ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫."ﺛﻜﻨﺎﺕ‬ The second expression was translated by another students into ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻤﺔ"‬ ‫,"ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ while the correct translation is " ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ‬ ‫,"ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ which literal translation and this explain why most students translated it a correct way.
The researcher believes that students were incapable to find the suitable equivalence for some of the English military expressions, because some of these expressions are used only in the US army, "the retreat ceremony" for instance, is an military expression which means the flag is lowered, " ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬ , this term is not used in Arab countries, so it's not enough to have a background knowledge in military in general , but you also have to be familiar with the culture of the military you are dealing with.

Professional Translation
Students' Translation Excellent Acceptable Fair Unacceptable 4 3 2 1 10-7.50 7.49-5 4.99-2.50 2.49 -0 As shown in Table (5), none of the students obtained excellent nor unacceptable level , where as 11 student were acceptable and 9 students were fair. 5.50 55 F 4 Zarqa University students level in translating military expression from Arabic into English is (0 ×4+11 ×3+9×2+0 ×1)=51% which is considered fair level, but low comparing to their level in translating from English into Arabic, as expected cause Arabic is their mother tongue so they can play with words. These results are mentioned in previous related studies as Al-Shehab (2009, 2014 and Magableh (2017). The following table shows some of the students translation of military expression from Arabic into English. In the first example one student shockingly translates it as "military historiography" which is not related to military translation or the term itself in any kind of way, most of the students translated it as" canteen". The second term is" ‫ﻣﺮﺯﻭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺯﺍﻕ‬ "another student translated it as " supplies -‫"ﻣﺆﻭﻧﺎﺕ‬ while the correct translation is "packed food".

Answering the second question of the study
: what are the difficulties and problems the student of Zarqa University encountered while translating military expression from English into Arabic ?

1. Polysemy
Magableh (2017) has indicated in his Thesis grammar, syntax and polysemy problems that encounter students while translating military expression .When a term has multiple senses, and the text is a science type of text in our case its military translation, with no background knowledge of the field , students main problem was polysemy. To illustrate my point the expression crown in the: SL" the crown is the most important piece in our firearm, because it doesn't let enemy find our soldiers." was translated by some students as " ‫ﺗﺎﺝ‬ " ‫,"ﻗﻤﺔ";"ﻋﺮﺵ";‬ which is totally incorrect translations in the given context, while the correct translation is ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ"‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻔﻲ‬ ‫"ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻥ‬ and this particular translation is not found within machine translation it only could be obtained through military experience and special military dictionaries. In another example SL:"The soldiers went to shooting range, and they are waiting the command so that they can charge their weapons and shoot" in this sentence the term charge was translated by one student as " ‫ﺗﻬﻤﺔ‬ ", which is unacceptable translation and suit better in a legal kind of text, the correct equivalence for this term is" ‫ﻭﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫."ﺳﺤﺐ‬

Synonymy
Through this study the researcher believes that in military kind of text each term has a certain equivalence, and to some extent military translation is limited by the use of the exact appropriate equivalence to avoid ambiguity, students of Zarqa University encountered a problem in selecting the most suitable equivalence that fits military text, due to the use of machine translation. in one example SL:"When i was 25 years old, i was a company commander in 7first battalion." some students translated the expression "company" as ‫"ﻛﺘﻴﺒﺔ"‬ which is incorrect and has its own jargon " Battalion", one of the students translated it as" ‫ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫"ﻭﺣﺪﺓ‬ which hardly gives part of the meaning, the correct translation of this term is " ‫."ﺳﺮﻳﺔ‬ In another example SL:"Apparently, even an expert marksman like you still has a thing or two to learn about tactics." some students translated the expression marksman as " ‫"ﻗﻨﺎﺹ‬ which is the meaning of " sniper ", while the suitable equivalence is " ‫"ﺭﺍﻡ‬ .

2.3. Grammar
Most of the students had no Spelling mistakes, one student wrote "solders" instead of " soldiers". another student wrote mobilization while the correct spelling is " mobilization". Overall it was a minor issue .

Syntax
Some of the students encountered a problem related to the" word order" Magableh (2017) noted this problem in his thesis. For example SL:" the soldiers always clean their weapons after shooting, and put them in the armory. " one of the students translated it as " ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﻌﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻠﺤﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻈﻔﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﺩ‬ he made mistakes on different levels, first the student started the sentence using a noun which is incorrect cause he adopted the English style while translating Arabic sentence, while he should of started with the verb, which is more like the Arabic style, the suggested translation is " ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻮﺩﻉ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻠﻤﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﺩ‬ ‫"ﻳﻨﻈﻒ‬ . the student made another mistake by translating the term "Armory" into ‫"ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪﺓ"‬ which is considered partially correct, but this term is not exclusively used for the weapons but also for the uniform, the correct translation for it is ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ"‬ ‫"ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺩﻉ‬ Additions For example one student translated SL:"There were many destroyed tanks in World War II." into " ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫"ﻣﻦ‬ the student here added the word " " ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬ which is not mentioned in the original sentence, in another example SL:"For safety and tactical reasons, these helicopters always operate in pairs." one student translated it as " ‫ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻮﻟﻴﻜﻮﺑﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺋﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫"ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‬ the student here made a lot of mistakes here firs he added the word " ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬ " which change the meaning, and unneeded information, ‫ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺝ"‬ " means in Arabic that you do two things in the same time or could mean it works for two countries which is not the case here the suitable word is" pairs -‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ " the suggested translation is " ‫ﺃﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫"ﻟﺪﻭﺍﻋﻲ‬ . Omissions In one example SL:"My platoon is in mission, and has a guard duty ", one student translated it as " ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫"ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ he omitted the word guard, and used " ‫"ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬ -‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ which in this sentence appeared as repetition he could used only one. the suggested translation is ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ"‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫"ﻓﺼﻴﻠﻲ‬ and the translation of the term platoon as" ‫"ﻭﺣﺪﺓ‬ is not correct the correct expression is " ‫ﻓﺼﻴﻞ‬ ".

Answering the third question of the study: students in military translation from English into Arabic:
Malkawi (2000, p. 15) mentioned three methods of translation military term: Method of Translation used by

Literal translation method
Most of the students adopted the literal translation method which means the transfer of the form and the content of the SL. for example SL:"It has been a long march, so the soldiers were weary." was translated by students as" ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺒﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻁﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫"ﻟﻘﺪ‬ which is considered a correct translation , and also as mentioned before the expression " Zero hour " was translated by most student by the literal way as " ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ‬ ‫"ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ which is correct, in another example SL:"Squeeze the trigger" students translated it as" ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ‬ ". on the other hand in the SL:"Tell that to the marine." which is an idiomatic expression the literal translation is not acceptable, 23 student translated it ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ":‪as‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫"ﺃﺧﺒﺮ‬ only two students used the Meaning Translation method.

4.3.2.Meaning translation method
Meaning translation means the transfer the meaning caring only to the TT, when the translator do management to the text. as mentioned before SL:"Tell that to the marine" which is an idiom and was translated by only two students as:" ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪ,‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺪﻗﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ " which is a correct translation surprisingly these were female students.

4.3.3.Explanatory Translation method
explanatory translation is when the translator add explanation to the translated term, one student actually used this method in translating SL:"Zero hour" as ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪء"‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ‬ ‫"ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ .

what are the difficulties and problems the student of Zarqa University encountered while translating military expression from Arabic into English ? 4.4.1. Polysemy
From Arabic into English translation students main problem was polysemy, for example the SL:" ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫"ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻴﻦ‬ some students translated the expression" ‫"ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻤﻴﻞ‬ as "supplementation." which is incorrect translation for this term in the given context, the correct translation is "Class "A" dress". in another example ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻼﻡ":‪SL‬‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺘﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫"ﻋﻠﻰ‬ some students translated it as " Custody" and one student shockingly translate it as "promise" both of these translations are unacceptable, the correct translation is "Military dress".

Method of Translation used by students in military translation from Arabic into English
One student translated the expression " ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺪﺓ‬ " in SL:" ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺘﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫"ﻳﺘﻮﺟﺐ‬ as " Felda" he used the Transliteration method which is incorrect the correct translation is " Jacket". in another example SL:" ‫ﻫﺪﻓﻚ‬ ‫"!ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫"ﺧﺬ‬ 3 ‫ﺳﺪﺩ!ﺇﺭﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬ "some student translated the term" ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫"ﺧﺬ‬ as "take the earth " using literal translation which changed the meaning, the correct translation is prone" some students translated it as " lay down" which is correct cause it give the meaning .Another example the term ‫"ﻳﻘﻈﺔ"‬ in SL:" ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻮﺟﺐ‬ " is translated by most of the students as "wake up" using literal translation and its considered unacceptable translation the correct translation is "Circle defense" only a person with military experience would know the correct translation, only one male student translated it as "Morning watch " which is considered correct translation. In the ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻛﻤﺘﻪ":‪SL‬‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺎﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫"ﻛﻞ‬ the term " ‫"ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ was translated by some students as " piece" facing polysemy problem here and using literal translation, the correct translation is " the prison" using meaning translation, which again require military knowledge to catch the meaning. surprisingly some students understood the term " ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺐ‬ " in the ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ":‪SL‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ‬ ‫"ﺳﻴﻌﻄﻲ‬ and translated it as " salary" though through the given context there is no way it could be translated as salary, so the researcher think what cause the problem here is using machine translation, the correct translation is " all members of the unit". (2017) calling for further study in this area, Translating military expressions from English into Arabic: As shown in table (2), Female level is 74.25% which is considered acceptable, where as male level is 63.75 which is fair. The table, thus, depicts the trend that females scored higher as compared to males. Translating military expressions from Arabic into English: As shown in table (5), Female level is 50.83% which is a fair level of translation, while male level is 51.04% which is fair level. here males score was higher than females. As BA students it was expected that males would have a higher score than females, considering that males usually have more military knowledge than females, but as shown a above it wasn't the case. Bottom line is being male or female has no effect on the military translation ability whatsoever, it only depends on military experience and knowledge.

Conclusion:
This study is an attempt to investigate the level of Zarqa University students in translating military expressions from English into Arabic and vice versa and to review some of the problems that students encountered while translating military text, and to investigate the Gender effect on the ability of translating military expressions. The researcher distributed a questionnaire made of 15 expressions to be translated from English into Arabic, and

Notes Zarqa University Translation Students Faculty of Arts 4th year BA The department of Translation GENDER( F / M ) TEST
The following test and questionnaire are administrated for research purposes; your contribution will be greatly appreciated. As the tested students will be kept strictly confidential, please DO NOT WRITE YOUR NAME. Translate the following sentences into Arabic: 1. Crown a) The crown is the most important piece in our firearms because it doesn't let enemy find our soldiers.

Zarqa University Translation Students Faculty of Arts 4th year BA The department of Translation GENDER( F / M ) TEST
The following test and questionnaire are administrated for research purposes; your contribution will be greatly appreciated. As the tested students will be kept strictly confidential, please DO NOT WRITE YOUR NAME. Translate the following sentences into English: