Defections “Kiai”, “Santri” and Farmers in the New Order and Reform Order in the Islamic Tradition in Rural East Java

Abstract

The study purpose of understand the context which aspects influenced the rejection and the meaning of actions carried out by individual “Kiai”, “Santri” and farmers. “Kiai” is leader in the Islamic boarding school named “pesantren”, so “santri” is students in the “pesantren”. That action such as monoculture cropping patterns, refused Bank credit in trying to farm, and rejected the use of pesticides. Qualitative research phenomenological approach to uncover the meaning behind the defections of action called "noumena". Phenomenological approach holds that each individual action has a unique meaning that need to be understood. Results of this research showed that the action of rejection or defections by “kiai”, “santri” and farmers have different meanings, which is backed by the context and motives, “because motive” and “in order to motive”, are different on the New Order and the Order of the Reform. That action like “wong manut” or follower; “wong mblebes” or farmers creative, strategy and active in the farming; “wong lecet” or blisters; “wong keset” or doormat that starts from “Kiai” and then imitated by “santri” and farmers in the vicinity. The findings of this research is different from the pattern of dichotomy Clifford Geertz about the “santri”, “abangan” and “priyayi”. Understanding the diversity of the individual actions of the sort suggested the concept of agricultural development in Indonesia at the time will come, especially Java, attention to the diversity of local socio-cultural context, not execution of development as a leveler on the New Order.

Keywords: defections, ”pesantren”, ”kiai”, ”santri”, farmers, new and reform order