Accepting the other and Tolerance in the International Law of Human Rights, and Their Application in the Arab States

Abstract

Accepting The Other And Tolerance In The International Law Of Human Rights And Their Application In The Arab States

Professor Dr. Suhail Hussein Al-Fatlawi

The principle of accepting the other is an important element in the application of democracy and achieving peace and security between the members of the same society and establishing justice. People who refuse to accept the other cannot coexist with others, and hence wars erupt between them and consequently they suffer from the occurrence of catastrophes, disasters and tragedies, and all this due to their refusal to accept the other.

Arab states suffered from dictatorial and socialist regimes, and from accepting not the other, and therefore Arab peoples in Arab countries were deprived of the culture of accepting the other. Despite political developments which occurred after 1990, and application of democratic institution by Arab countries, these peoples still refuse to accept the other, and this is due to historic, racial and cultural reasons.

Democracy in the west contributed to entrenching the principle of accepting the other as well as to tolerance, meanwhile this principle dissociated the Arab society, and caused the appearance of religious, sectarian and racial prejudices, and increased the acuity of conflicts between the members of the same society. This has led to the disappearance of the principle of accepting the other, and the disappearance of tolerance, and the spread of terrorist organizations.

In this research we will discuss the principle of difference and diversity and the scope of difference and diversity and accepting the other, and we will end the research by a conclusion of most important results and suggestions.

I-Introduction:

Humanity suffered from destructive tragedies and disasters as a result of racial, national, religious, sectarian and ethnic discrimination. After the spread of democracy in many countries of the world, the world started to feel the importance of peaceful coexistence and stability, accepting the other and tolerance regarding what happened in the past, and that human relations require cooperation between people in order to address the difficulties of life and advance humanity towards peace and human cooperation.

The importance of the research: The spread of the culture of tolerance between human beings helps to achieve international peace and security, and this would be reflected on national peace and establish tolerance and the acceptance of the other, and this, in return, would achieve world peace between the stated of the world and abducts them from destructive wars, and enhance human relations between them. This also enhances human, economic, social and political cooperation between the people of the same country, and safeguards the national social structure of the country.

The problem of the research: In spite of the development which is witnessed in the world in the field of human rights, liberation of states from imperialism and the spread of the culture of accepting the other, and tolerance between developed peoples, the Arab countries, on the other side, are facing terrorist organizations which are working on abating the other, implanting hatreds, abolishing the culture of dialogue and applying the policy of killing, displacement and immigration for religious, sectarian or racial reasons.

These terrorist organizations also impose their extreme ideas on others. All this has resulted in killing millions of innocent people who were victims of these organizations. Therefore, we have to find means for imposing legal and social laws and rules in order to entrench the culture of tolerance and the principle of accepting the other for human, moral and social necessities, and for living in peace and security. The development of means of communications and international transportation which approximated both similar and different people to each other increased the acuity of racial conflicts. This requires the international community to apply multiple means in order to guarantee the principle of accepting the other, and to make it understood that difference and diversity unite the society and approximate it within the frame of the national unity inside the same country, and unite different societies as well.

Hypothesis of the research: The hypothesis of the research denotes that spreading the rules of tolerance and accepting the other between Arab people enhances national and international peace and human cooperation between human beings, and this abducts them from international and civil wars. The aim of law is to regulate social behavior. When legal and social laws and rules advance human behavior towards tolerance and accepting the other happiness will prevail worldwide.

Methodology of the research: The research relies on the explanation of the rules of tolerance and accepting the other in the international law of the private human rights, the opinions of legal jurisprudence and the practical applications of tolerance and accepting the other in Arab states. Therefore, this research depends on explaining legal texts. This is a descriptive, theoretical and applicable study.

The plan of the research: We discussed the issue of tolerance and accepting the other in the international law and its applications in Arab countries, therefore the research was divided into two sections: