Nigeria-Ghana Trade Relations: Politics, Problems and Possibilities

Abstract

Although rated as the two biggest economies in West Africa, the relationship between Nigeria and Ghana has been topsy-turvy over the years. Their historical, political and social similarities notwithstanding, the two countries are usually cynical of each other’s policies especially on trade matters.  This paper assessed the unique and complex trade relations and politics that exist between the two powerhouses in the sub-region and the implications for regional integration in West Africa. The article use extensive interviews of Nigeria-Ghana trade relations elites; and direct personal observation of traders plying the Nigeria-Ghana route in Seme Border, Hillacondji and Aflao Borders. Also, some major markets were visited in Ghana especially where Nigerians are trading including Makola Market, etc. and also in Nigeria where Ghanaians are trading to ensure a visible assessment of obstacles to trade in these places. Secondary sources of data for this study included both published and unpublished works. Data generated from the study were analysed using descriptive methods and content analysis. Given the size and liquidity of their economies in the sub-region, this study submitted that until Nigeria-Ghana put their house in order, regional and market integration would remain unattainable in West Africa. Moreover, the ECOWAS Trade Liberalization Scheme will remain a mirage.

Keywords: Regional Integration, Nigeria-Ghana Trade relations, ECOWAS Trade Liberalization Scheme