Review Paper on “Irrigation Water Pollution and Its Minimization Measures”

Abstract

Water is a scarce resource, thus, any reuse of water is desirable, as long as the costs associated with the reuse is less than the benefits of using it. The environmental and socioeconomic aspects of irrigation water pollution were becoming a serious problem worldwide. The quality of surface and groundwater in shallow open wells has deteriorated and the application of polluted groundwater for irrigation has resulted in increased salt content of soils. Outbreaks of waterborne diseases are also a growing concern. The economic value of changes in water quality is an important component of economic assessment of policies to reduce pollution from agricultural production. Farmers can take many steps to reduce loadings of agricultural pollutants to water resources. But improvements in water quality from farmer’s efforts to reduce pollutant loadings often take years to detect and document. Aquifers may take decades to show improvements in quality after management is improved. This has implications for the design of monitoring necessary to assess the effectiveness of water quality policies and programs. This study found that both structural and management practices are available for managing water and chemical inputs more efficiently or controlling runoff to minimize irrigation water pollutions. Those practices include efficient irrigation water management, integrated pest management, comprehensive nutrient management planning, animal waste management, conservation Agriculture and Industrial waste, sewage and storm water pretreatment.

Keywords: - Water, pollution, Irrigation