Bovine Embryo Transfer and Its Application: Arview

Abstract

Since the production of the first calf by embryo transfer in 1951, the method has been progressively improved so that it can now be used for commercial ends. The applications of this method are numerous in the field of research, but its main economic interest is in bovine selection programmes. Selection intensity in donor females can be doubled in elite herds, thus increasing the possibility of producing high yielding bulls and heifers. The embryo transfer technique can also be used for the salvage of genetic material from terminally ill cows or infected herds. International transport of embryos has been made possible by progress in freeze-thaw procedures, but depends upon the resolution of regulatory problems and the training of transfer personnel. Furthermore, embryos are the safest and most cost effective alternatives to move genetics internationally because of their low risk of transmitting diseases. One of most important factors associated with the success and widespread application of this technology is evaluation of the embryos before freezing and/or transfer to a recipient. Embryos are usually classified based on a number code system for their stage of development and for their quality Surgical methods for embryo collection and transfer are increasingly replaced by non-surgical methods, which are much more practical and less expensive in selection programmes.

Keywords: bovine, embryo transfer, donor, recipient, embryo collection