Temporal Recovery of Pancreatic β-Cells in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Induced by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium

Abstract

Conditioned medium (CM) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell culture has been studied in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and showed a good prospect as an alternative treatment. However, effects of CM in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned medium (CM) for the recovery of pancreatic β-cells in T2DM-induced Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus). The T2DM-induced rats were prepared by applying combination injection of nicotinamide (NA) and streptozotocin (STZ). The T2DM-induced rats were treated with 0.2 ml CM fourth times periodically, with a week interval. One week after each CM treatment, the pancreas glands were collect, fixed in Bouin’s solution, processed by paraffin method and carried out immunohistochemistry staining for insulin detection. The blood samples were collected for glucose concentration evaluation. Microscopic observation indicated the decrease of immunoreactive cell number and its intensity towards insulin after the combination injection of NA and STZ. One week after first and second CM treatment, the presence of numerous and hight intensity of insulin- immunoreactive (IR) cells in the pancreatic islets could be observed. However, the number of insulin-IR cells and its intensity decreased dramatically 1 week after the third CM treatment and almost disappeared in 1 week after the fourth CM treatment in all of the pancreatic islets. The histological features changes of insulin-IR cells are in agreement with the profile dynamics of glucose concentration in the blood. This study showed that conditioned medium (CM) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell culture has ability to recover the insulin production from pancreatic β-cells in T2DM-induced Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) temporary.

Keywords: conditioned medium, type 2 diabetes mellitus, pancreatic β-cells, temporal recovery, nicotinamide-streptozotocin