Assessment the Production Constraints of Phyllody and Fusarium Wilt Diseases in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes in Western Zone of Tigray

Abstract

The study was conducted during 2016 main season with the objectives of (i) to identify fusarium and phyllody resistant sesame genotypes in the area, (2) to study the prevalence, incidence and severity of phyllody and fusarium wilt among genotypes in the study area .From each variety 10 random sample plants were taken in each study areas and assessed for phyllody and fusarium wilt. Data showed that phyllody and fusarium appeared at different growth stages: seedling, flowering and capsule formation. Phyllody diseases Incidence and severity was higher at capsule formation this is due to many transmitting agents available during flower initiation and capsule formation. The study indicated that phyllody diseases were 100 percent prevalence, 5%-100%, severity and 0% -30% incidences. HuRC-3 and HuRC-4 were resistant genotypes whereas Setit -1, Hirhir, Humera-1, Land race gumero were highly susceptible (HS). Three varities HuRC-1, Setit-2 and WARC-95 showed moderate susceptible (MS).  Fusarium wilt was distributed the study areas 100% prevalence and mean % incidence ranged from 5% (Rawuyan) to 25% (Humera) and percent severity was ranged from 5% (Rawuyan) to 12.5% (Maykadra). Maykadra (12.5%) and Adebay (10%) phyllody severity recorded high severity percent followed by Rawuyan (5%) and Humera (5%). Fusarium wilt severity was recorded from 5%-100% among genotypes and 100% prevalence and mean % incidence ranged from 10% (Humera) to 25% (Maykadra). The percent disease severity was ranged from 20% (Humera) to 50% (Maykadra). Fusarium wilt was high incidence and severity in Maykadra followed by Rawuyan and Humera. HuRC-1, Setit -1, Hirhir, HuRC-3, and HuRC-4 were among the resistant (R) sesame whereas land race Gumero moderate susceptible. HuRC-4, WARC-95, Set-t-2, Hirhir, Humera-1, HuRC-4, HuRC-3 were resistant (R) and Setit-1, HuRC-1 moderate resistant (MR) whereas land race gumero identified as moderate susceptible (MS) to fusarium wilt.

Keywords: prevalence,, incidence, severity, resistance, susceptible