Studying the effects of Industrial Wastes on Tigris water in Al- Grea't City-Baghdad-Iraq

Abstract

Tigris River is one of the main important surface water resources in Iraq. This necessitates continuous study of its quality . The present study is concerned with the characteristics and quality of Tigris  water passing through in Baghdad  city. (eight) samples were collected from the river in the area Grea't City. The study periods were carried over four season, which  has been sampled once  represent the  every season. First sampling 12-11-2012  represent the autumn season The second sampling 20-1-2013 to represent the winter season. The third in 25-3-2013  to represent the Springer season. The fourth during  29-5-2013 to represent the summer spring season.

In order to specify the water quality, a group of physical and chemical analyses have been conducted. The physical measurements included the temperature, and the Specific electrical Conductance while the chemical analyses included measuring the pH , hardness , Salinity,  alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solids(TDS) , and total suspended solids (TSS),Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD ) and measuring the quantity of greases and oils via the gravimetric methods. The chemical analyses also included measuring the anions such as the (Sulphate (SO₄^-2), phosphate (pO₄^-3) and Nitrate (NO₃^-) by using the techniques of the UV – VIS Spectrophotometer.In order to identify the main cations in the water , the concentration of   K⁺²,Ca⁺² and  Mg+2  were measured .   The above  mentioned analyses varied from using the classical chemical analyses such as titration as in measuring the [Cl^- , (HCO₃^- ,Ca⁺² ,Mg⁺² ]Ions.Owing to the importance of assessing the trace and heavy metals in water due to their direct effect on human health and reliability, metals were measured; Flame Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer was used to measure the metals . Also, The correlation coefficients between the quality parameter pairs of the river water samples were calculated in order to indicate the nature and the sources of the polluting substances.all results are not  matched with the values of national (Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control) and international except(pH &E.C.) but (HCO₃ ^-

&Mg⁺² ,Ca⁺² ) and heavy metals where matched in some station and not in others.

Keywords: Tigris river ,Industrial Wastes, water  pollution, Al- Grea't City-Baghdad-Iraq physicochemical characteristics.