Water–Demand Management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for Enhancement Environment

Abstract

The purpose and the goal of the paper is growing substantially demand for water and waste-water infrastructure and that is being met through the available scarce and dwindling water resources. The kingdom of Saudi Arabia  (KSA) faces an acute water shortage due to arid climate and absence of permanent lakes and rivers. Ever-increasing imbalances are usually met by increasing water supplies, whereas the concepts of water-demand management have not been given due importance and weight age. Meeting the rapidly rising demand with scarce and depleting resources remains the critical issue. The main goal of this paper is showing; how Geographical Information Systems (GIS) can be used to support infrastructure  of demand water and waste-water. This paper places emphasizes on the urgency of adopting conservation and water-demand management initiatives to maintain demand supply relationship and achieve an acceptable balance between water needs and availability. Demand for water and waste-water infrastructure projects has remained  unaffected by the global financial crisis, and it continue to grow exponentially. Waste-water is a rapidly and globally expanding area of infrastructure development, that enables the sustainable re-use of scarce water resources for non-potable purposes in industry, agriculture, and greening. particularly in the agricultural sector-the largest and most inefficient user of water have been suggested. The paper suggests that the water-use-efficiency (WUE) in various sectors can be enhanced and improved in a local area of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The objective of this paper is to safeguard and conserve this precious natural resource through environmental enhancement  technologies for the future generations to come. It is presumed that water resources can be managed on sustainable basis by devising and employing environmental technologies including water conservation measures and develop water for sustainability and efficiency. To improve governance and management to the highest level. Provide water service to the Saudi people up to the level of developed countries whilst minimizing the fiscal burden. To develop and introduce technological and institutional innovations. To conserve and improve the environment.  The usefulness of these measures can be supplemented through the vibrant and viable extension and education initiatives and capacity building programs. In this work, three sets applications of GIS models have been produced. The geodatabase of district  areas  in Saudi Arabia including these layers of area, Subarea, cites, water in land, water area, land cover, roads, rail roads, elevations and mountains.

Keywords: Water Demand, Water Resources, GIS, Highway Street, XML Schema.