Palm Kernel Shells as a partial replacement for Sand in Sandcrate block production

Abstract

The study explores and compares the properties of masonry blocks produced with palm kernel shell (PKS) as partial replacement to the traditional sandcrete blocks in an attempt to establish the percentage replacement of PKS that yields properties and characteristics that meets acceptable standards. After a review of relevant literatures, samples of materials required were collected and batched by weight to a mix proportion of (1:6). The PKS replacement varies from 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% with water cement ratio of 0.5. Total of 24 blocks were moulded, cured for 28days, subjected to various tests including water absorption, weight, density, and compressive strength. The water absorption test result indicates that up to 40% PKS replacement, the water absorption capacity of the block produced exceeds the minimum standard recommended by ASTM. The weight and density of the PKS block increases up to 10% PKS replacement, and furthermore reduces when the PKS exceeds 10%. With regard to strength test, it was revealed that, the compressive strength of the PKS blocks exceeds the minimum requirement of 2.8N/mm2 when the PKS replacement do not exceeds 40%. For blocks with PKS as partial replacement to meet standard specification, the PKS content should not exceed 40%. Further studies must focus on the factors that can effective the durability of blocks with KPS, and the socio-economic dimensions that impart on its acceptability as an alternative material to the conventional blocks.