Impact of Thermal Stratification on Unsteady Hiemenz Non-Darcy Copper Nanofluid Flow over a Porous Wedge in the Presence of Magnetic Field Due to Solar Radiation (Green) Energy

Abstract

Energy is an important input for economic development. Solar energy is created by light and heat which is emitted by the sun, in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Solar energy is the most readily and abundantly available source of green energy. Copper nanoparticle suspensions in the Cu-water have been proposed as a means to enhance solar collector efficiency through direct absorption of the incoming solar energy. Thermal stratification is the scientific term that describes the layering of bodies of water based copper nanofluid on their temperature. The aim of the present work is to investigate theoretically the effect of thermal stratification in the presence of magnetic field on unsteady Hiemenz non-Darcy flow and heat transfer of incompressible copper nanofluid along a porous wedge due to renewable (solar energy). It is of notable interest in this work to consider the similarity transformation is used for unsteady flow. Copper nanofluid flow past a porous wedge plays a dominant role on absorbs the incident solar radiation and transits it to the working fluid by convection.

Keywords: Nanofluid; Porous wedge; Unsteady non-Darcy flow; Magnetic field; Thermal stratification; Solar energy radiation.