Comparison the Composition of Essential Oil Extracted of Coriandrum Sativum L by Hydro-distillation and Microwave-assisted Hydro-distillation and Evaluation Its Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract

The essential oil has been extracted from Coriandrum sativum L seeds from Apiaceae collected in south west of Hama in Syria by hydro-distillation method and using the microwave-assisted hydro-distillation. The composition, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the essential oil was achieved and characterized by means of GC-MS and comparing with the references in the literature, about 30 compounds of the essential oil were characterized in both methods. The components and the main oil yield obtained in the form of hydro-distillation (HD) were compared with those obtained by microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD). The major compounds of the oil extracted by the method of hydro-distillation are: Linalool (59.6%), alpha-pinene (10.1%) and p-Cymene (9.58%), while the major compounds of the oil extracted by microwave-assisted hydro-distillation are : Linalool (63.2%), Geraniol (5%) and Geranyl acetate (6.4%). The microwave extraction method showed a shorter time (30 min) than the time taken by the hydro-distillation extraction method (3 h) Innovative microwave-based extraction methods are faster, more energy efficient and environmentally friendly. The biological effects of essential oil were studied on some pathogenic bacteria including: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.

Keywords: Apiaceae, Coriandrum sativum L, Essential oils, hydro-distillation, microwave, GC-Mass,, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.