Historical Review of Political Instability and Economic Growth of Pakistan

Abstract

The study was carried out in Pakistan since July, 2018. The major objective of the study was to analyze the historical review of political instability and economic growth of Pakistan from 1947 to 2018. Nineteen studies were downloaded from the net and reviewed in proper way and analyzed the situation and found the results. The results indicate that political instability is a very important factor which creates a great problem for the economic growth of Pakistan. The Pakistan economy is consisted of different ethnic and regional groups and every group take interest in their community while do not care the whole nation. The Pakistan economic growth was not achieved according to plan of Pakistan. Till today no unity was gained and different parties attacked on one another and three Marshal Laws were imposed due to unavoidable circumstance. Liqat Ali became first Prime Minister of Pakistan and passed Objectives Resolution in 1949 while he was assassinated in 1951. He struggled for new constitution while did not succeed.  So many assemblies were dissolved by Governor Genral Ghulam Muhammad and President Sikandar Mirza before 1956. After nine years the Constitution of Pakistan was made since 1956 while still the environment of Pakistan was not favorable and one Unit drama was also run on the screen. So, Ayub Khan lodged the Martial Law in 1958 and took some changes in the constitution since 1962 and governed for 10 years and one unit was came into being in his period. Economic growth was a little better in his era while in 1968, disturbance was raised and charge was handed over to General Yaha Khan in 1968.  Election was held in 1971 and Mujubur Rahman won the election in East Pakistan and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in west Pakistan while disorder was created in both wing on power sharing. Similarly fighting started in both wings and India attacked on East Pakistan and East Pakistan was separated which is called now Bangladesh. Then Zulfiqar Ali Bhuto  took over the charge of Prime Minister of the Pakistan and governed for 5 years and also amended the constitution since 1973. Election was held and elected for five years again while agitation was started by opposition parties in the country which made the environment unfavorable.  Ziaul Haq second time imposed Martial Law in 1977 and governed over 11 years.  In his era, lodged the election on non party basis in the country and Junejo became Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1985 and General Zia took some amendment in the national constitution by Assembly and strengthen his  power in the country.  He exercised his power and dismissed Junejo in 1988 when Junejo was on the foreign tour. However in 1988  Zia was assaisinated in the Plane by blast. Then election was held and Benazir became Prime Minister of Pakistan. She worked as a Prime Minister for few years and his assembly was dissolved by president due to unavoidable circumstances. Re-election was held and Nawaz became Prime Minister of Pakistan for few years while assembly was again dissolved by President and re-election was held and Nawaz became Prime minister of Pakistan for the second time and governed for three years while General Peravaz Musharif  lodged the Martial Law on 12 October 1999 and governed over 9 years. On 2008 election was held and Zardari became President of Pakistan along with Yusaf Raza Gilani as a Prime Minister of Pakistan while he was charged in corruption by judiciary  and then Raja Pervaiz Ashraaf of People Party took oath as the Prime Minister of Pakistan . Zardari as a president  spent full tenure of the government while economic growth was not improved according to objective of the Pakistan five year plan. In 2013, election was held and Nawaz Sharif became Prime Minister of Pakistan third time. In the beginning of Nawaz government PTI  started agitation for 126 days in Islamabad for the dismissal of Nawaz Sharif government. He spent four year as a Prime Minister of Pakistan and CEPC project was approved. The beginning of his government was better and economic growth was interesting while he was dismissed by Judiciary in Panama case in 2016 and Abass Haqani became Prime Minister of Pakistan and spent one year as Prime Minister.  General Election was held on 25th July 2018 and Imran Khan won the election and became 22th Prime Minister of Pakistan on 17th August 2018. Opposition parties started agitation against Imran Khan. All opposition alliance come on the road and started agitation against Khan government. The author of the paper think that if the situation of Pakistan government is instable how the country will be developed and positive change in economic growth will be occurred in Pakistan and the economy will be boost up because for economic growth enhancement, stable government in the country is required. During review it was also found that economic growth in the army dictator ship was better than the Civilian Government. Not only political instability has decreased the economic growth but also flood, high interest rate by bank, earthquake, oil price increasing, disturbance of the European currency, coalition with US led terrorism, lack of coordination among center and provinces, military interference in the Judiciaries and other institution have affected the economic growth of Pakistan negatively. On the basis of mentioned problems the author of the paper recommend that political stability is required for the economic growth development of Pakistan; Unity in the country is requested for pushing the economic growth; Peace and security are necessary for uplifting the economic growth; Good investment environment is required for economic growth improvement  ; High education and skill is required for boosting the economic growth; Saving by government and Pakistani community is compulsory for economic growth uplifting; Fair election process is required for economic growth pushing and political stability;  Research based Universities should be made in the country for economic growth enhancement and for political stability;  Interest rate should be kept only 4% for the speedy investment of production for economic growth increasing;  Poverty should be controlled at grass root level; Environment should be cleaned for foreign investor;  investment should be stopped outside the country; Police department and Judiciary should be strengthen in Pakistan for control of crimes in the country for stable government; Regional disparity and ethnicity should be controlled in the country for political stability . Through this way political stability will be occurred which enhance economic growth and the country will become prosperous in the future.

Keywords: Review, Political Instability, Impact, Pakistan, Economy