The Role of Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) Flavonoid’s Fraction in Proliferation and Angiogenesis Inhibition of Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of cancer that occurs in the oral cavity which is about 90-95 % of total malignancy in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the flavonoid’s fraction of Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) as an anti-cancer to angiogenesis inhibition by suppressing the VEGF and IL-8 expression in SP-C1 human tongue cancer cell. Material and Method: This research was conducted with the pure laboratory experimental method using Supri’s-Clone 1 (SP-C1) human tongue cancer cell culture. This research was started with cytotoxicity test to obtain the fraction of flavonoid that possesses anti-cancer potentiality and angiogenesis inhibition test. Result: The result of this study showed that ethyl acetate and ethanol fraction of flavonoid had a role in inhibiting the VEGF protein and interleukin 8 expressions in SP-C1 tongue cancer cell. ANOVA test with significance level (? = 0,05) which resulted in highly significant difference in the concentration with a mean optical density (OD) absorbance ethanol fraction (p = 0,00), ethyl acetate fraction (p = 0,00), and controls (p = 0,00) for the suppression of VEGF protein expression and interleukin-8 of SP-C1 human tongue cancer cell. Western blotting analysis showed that ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoid application to SP-C1 human tongue cancer cell showed a decrease in SP-C1 protein expression.   Conclusion: Flavonoid fraction of sarang semut inhibit the angiogenesis in SP-C1 tongue cell cancer by suppressing the VEGF and interleukin 8 protein expression. Ethyl acetate fraction from sarang semut’s flavonoid inhibited the expression signal transduction factor from SP-C1 tongue cancer cell.

Keywords: SP-C1 tongue squamous cell carcinoma, sarang semut flavonoid’s fraction, angiogenesis, VEGF, interleukin-8.