Incidence of Bovine Trypanosomosis and the Distribution of Vector in Chora District of Buno Bedele Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Abstract

Bovine Trypanosomosis is one of the most parsimoniously problematic diseases in influencing mammals like cattle and it is a grave haemoprotozoan disease triggered by different species of unicellular eurykaryotic parasite of the genus trypanosome. This study was conducted to assess the incidence of Bovine Trypanosomosis, and density of vector distribution as well as the influence of its associated risk factors on cattle reared in Chora district of Buno Bedele Zone. A Blood sample was collected from a total of 401 cattle of age ranges from 1 to 6 years. The presence of parasites from sampled blood was examined using a method of Buffy Coat Technique and a technique of Giemsa-stained thin blood films was used to identify the existing trypanosome species in the study area. The Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of collected blood samples was determined using haematocrit. A total of 50 traps were deployed to study the entomological survey. In general, 2.99 % of the studied cattle were infected with Trypanosomosis and the T.Vivax (58.33%) was the dominant species of trypanosomosis and followed by T. congulense (41.67%) in the study area. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were observed due to associated risk factors viz. Body Condition and  age of cattle, whereas sampling sites and sex were not significantly affect the prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis.  The mean PCV value of Parasitaemic and Aparasitaemic animals were 21.37 ± 0.19 and 27.89 ± 0.16, respectively and they were statistically different at (P< 0.05). Overall of 0.80 flies per trap per day was recorded from the study area and among the caught flies of Glossina species, 10%, 54% and 36% of them were, G.tachinoides, G.pallidipes and G.fuscipes, respectively.  Therefore, the veterinarian’s has to continue providing the appropriate medication/treatment for the infected animals per appropriate recommendation and Bedele NTTICC has to take more focus to control the density and distribution of tsetse flies as well as biting flies for the transmission of high incidence of T. Vivax through mechanical ways of transmission of the disease.

Keywords: Cattle, Incidence, Prevalence, T. Vivax, T. Congulense

DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/12-17-03

Publication date:September 30^th 2022