A Study Of Distinctive Characteristics Of Soaps Made Of Saw Dust Ash (Lye ) With Palm And Olive Oils And Their Oil Blends In Benue State Nigeria.
Abstract
In Benue State Nigeria saw dust is dumped in large quantities as waste while in other parts of the country it is used in producing ceiling boards and plywood . In order to further explore its use, palm oil and olive oil with saw dust ash as the source of alkali (lye) were used in the production of soap and the choice of traditional and modern laboratory methods was adapted. The characteristics of the soap products were determined and the average results compared. Blending of these oils with other oils to further study improvements or order wise in the quality of the soaps was also done . Parameters assessed were Moisture Content, Hardness of Soap , Total Fatty Matter, Total Free Alkali, Lathering Power ,Free Caustic Alkali , Carbonate Alkali, pH and Cleansing Power.
Comparative results show that Total Fatty Matter was 69 and 82% for palm oil and olive oil respectively while the Total Free Alkali % , Free Caustic Alkali % and Free Carbonate Alkali % were7.8 and 6.9 , 3.71 and 2.6 ,4.09 and 4.3% respectively . The Lather Volume (ml) was 460 and 630 respectively while the Lathering Power of palm and olive oils was 8 % and 10% respectively, Cleansing Power of palm and olive oils was 42.66% and 55.7 % respectively , pH of olive oil was 8.5 while that of palm oil was 9.1 . Moisture and Hardness of soap samples from olive and palm oils showed Moisture Content 3.5 % for palm and 4.3% for olive and the Hardness showed palm olive soap soft while that from palm oil was hard. Blends of oils were also used , between olive oil and castor oil in a ratio 3:1 gave a Lathering Power of 9.7 while the Clean sing Power was 90.3% . coconut oil and olive oil blend of ratio 2:1 gave the Lathering Power of 10.5 % and its Cleansing Power 88.1%. The production of soap with olive oils and its blends stood out better than palm oil which in itself has become a matter of international interest . Palm tree exploitation began to raise serious environmental issues on land deforestation for palm tree cultivation and an international organization known as Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) was created in 2004 following concerns raised by non-governmental organizations about environmental impact issues related to palm tree cultivation for oil production P. Gunasegaran, ( 2011) . This has further de emphasized palm oil use in soap production and increased efforts in research in other oils while the saw dust potentials remain untapped in Benue State Nigeria .
KEY WORDS Lye, Roundtable , molecular, Lathering and deforestation .
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ISSN (Paper)2224-3216 ISSN (Online)2225-0948
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