Irrigation in Ethiopia, a Review

Abstract

A critical review of recent studies on irrigation systems and developments in Ethiopia was conducted from the historical point of view up to the present and the future. This review discusses the Ethiopian irrigation based on the historical backgrounds, current conditions of development and its contributions to the national economy, challenges and opportunities, and future development perspectives. It is believed that irrigation practices were long been in use during ancient times with unspecified beginning period. However, Irrigation was not likely a driving force for the initiation of ancient civilization in Ethiopia. Since 1950’s modern irrigation was introduced at the Rift Valley basin for productions of commercial crops. Government, donors and NGOs are investing in developing irrigation systems, especially on small-scale irrigations. As a result, irrigation is developing rapidly. However, its contribution to the national economy is not significant when compared to rain-fed agriculture. There is a scanty of detail study regarding water potentials and its developmental perspectives in the Ethiopian context as it lacks an agreed reports in common consensus. There should possibly be well-studied and documented reports in the field. It is evident that irrigation will play a significant role in the food security enhancement and economic development of Ethiopia, provided the efficient use of water is required.

Keywords: Small Scale Irrigation; Irrigation; Review; Ethiopia