Chemistry of Major and Trace Elements of Kidney Stones in Fallujah City/Iraq

Abstract

The current paper aims to identify the concentrations of major and trace elements in 20 sample kidney stones in Fallujah, Iraq. These elements were estimated using ICP-MS method and X-ray diffraction were used for mineral structures. The study showed that there are six mineral groups (Calcium Oxalate, Cholesten, Phosphate, Uricite, Uricite and Calcium and Mixed stone). Ca is the main constituent of kidney stone because Calcium is the highest concentrations of other the elements (6.75%). and it is Concentrated in the stones of  Calcium Oxalate and Calcium Phosphate. P is the main component of Phosphate with a concentration of all kidney stones (0.715%). The groups of calcium oxalate and Phosphate contain large amounts of trace elements, especially Zn and  Sr, .There are high quantities of Mn in Cholesten because the manganese plays an important role in the metabolic pathway of amino acids, fats, proteins and carbohydrates. The results indicated that concentrations of these elements in kidney stones depend on the type of mineral aggregates that form the kidney stones.

Keywords Kidney stone.Cholesten. Trace element. Fallujah .Iraq