An Assessment of Gender Mix of Manpower in Granite Artisanal and Small Scale Mining, Southwest Nigeria

Abstract

This study focuses on evaluating granite Artisanal and Small Scale Mining (ASM), women miner contribution, and the possibility of viable development particularly in Nigeria. A review of literature on global ASM practice, and issues from the social point of view was carried out to identify the links to the woman miner. Afterwards, search for granite ASM sites was conducted. Study sites where data were collected were mostly in the South West and comprised 34 sites. Gender distribution in the entire operation stages was captured for each mine using nominal binary responses: “n”- none; “y” – yes for either “M” – male or “F” female. These responses were counted and graphed for the sample population using “COUNTIF” function and chart tool of EXCEL spreadsheet. Further, from the data, granite ASM condition in the South West of Nigeria were characterized using graphical and numerical statistical techniques, rating scale development technique,. Results shows in literature review suggested a high women participation in ASM and highlighted socio-economic issues only. The next shows the characterization of granite ASM by statistical analysis of raw data, established that the female gender population is about 80% of manpower, and 15% in entrepreneurial roles. Government should encourage ASM as a means of poverty alleviation by facilitating credits that can be used to improve ASM conditions and practice. Especially, as it is seen that ASM is an avenue for many women to be gainfully employed.

Keywords: Mining Operation, gender distribution, gender productivity, granite artisanal and small scale mining, Nigeria.