Diagnosis of Evaluative Design Indicators of Pillars of Natural Energies in Architecture

Abstract

Means of finding the energy sources adopted by man are developed generally with the development of creation. Also, they differed through the man’s stages of civilized life as there is a mutual interaction between development of human civilization and energy sources. World's consumption of depleted energy increased especially in the period of second half of the twentieth century. Therefore, the demand for energy and guaranteeing its availability in buildings have increased. Oil became one of the most important sources of energy in the twentieth century, and it helped in the escalation of energy consumption rates which is categorized as a quite cheap source of energy in comparison with other sources of energy until the seventies of the last century where the crisis of energy has taken placed. This energy crisis has an environmental, economic and political dimension. However, the danger of oil depletion loomed over the world, and the energy crisis has become one of the most important problems the world was currently facing. The crisis of energy has appeared due to firstly: the large and continuous increase for consumption of energy which is matched by specific reserves of traditional energy sources, secondly: a significant increase in fuel prices and environmental problems caused by depleted energy sources. In this way, researchers have tried to develop new as well as alternative sources of energy. All the attention is directed to renewable energies, especially solar energy. In this respect, research and studies have begun to face the reality of the depletion of fossil fuels, and their replacement with renewable energy that is not depleted and it does not cause any environmental pollution. Consequently, the research problem reads as "Confused vision about the possibility of diagnosing the indicators of the pillars of active natural energies in architecture (active and passive)". Concerning the major objective of this research, it is summarized as follows: “Investigating the available constituents and characteristics of the natural energy systems and their indicators in Iraq in a way serves the beneficiaries, decision-makers and urban studies.” Additionally, this research discusses some of the pillars of natural energies (passive and active), and their innovative planning and design systems in architecture. Besides, it studies some renewable energy systems alternative to depleted energy which include the use of solar energy, biomass, and ground mass. Furthermore, the research examines the effectiveness of passive systems to rationalize energy consumption which includes natural cooling, heating and ventilation systems in buildings, as well as shading, vegetation, afforestation, orientation, color and controlling the other potential internal heat sources.

Keywords: Renewable energy, environmental sustainability, passive and active air-conditioning, clean energy, zero pollution, zero-carbon architecture.

DOI: 10.7176/JETP/11-4-06

Publication date:September 30th 2021