Hydrothermal Conditions for Origin of Life and Living Matter

Abstract

Three factors as isotopic composition, the temperature and pH value of water were analyzed in experiments with prognosis of primary hydrosphere and possible conditions for origin of first organic forms in hot mineral water. For  this aim the authors performed experiments with hot mineral and seawater from Bulgaria, and water with varrying content of deuterium using IR-spectroscopy (NES-, and DNES-method). As model systems were used cactus juice of Echinopsis pachanoi and Mediterranean jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata. There were discussed the reactions of condensation and dehydration occuring in alkaline aqueous solutions at 65–95 ⁰C and ?? = 9–10, resulting in synthesis from separate molecules larger organic molecules as polymers and short polipeptides, as well as were predicted the possible mechanisms of the deuterium accumulation in form of HDO in hot water. It was shown that hot alkaline mineral water with temperature from +65 ⁰C to +95 ⁰C and pH value from 9 to 11 is more suitable for the origination of life and living matter than other analyzed water samples. The pH value of seawater on contrary is limited to the range of 7.5 to 8.4 units. Two common local maximums were observed in the IR-spectra of jellyfish and seawater, which were more pronouncedly expressed in IR-spectra of jellyfish. In hot mineral waters the local maximums in the IR-spectrum are more manifested compared to the local maximums obtained in IR-spectrum of the same water at a lower temperature. The difference in the local maximums from +20 ⁰C to +95 ⁰C at each 5 ⁰C according to Student t-criterion – p < 0.05. These data indicate that the origination of life and living matter depends on the structure and physical chemical properties of water, as well as its temperature and pH value.

Keywords: deuterium, hydrosphere, evolution, origin of life, IR-spectroscopy.